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Seeking trans-friendly employers who sponsor visas

Nobody should have to move to another country to be themselves.

However, I’ve spoken to multiple people who feel they need to move away from the US in order to avoid harms caused by the new administration’s executive orders that target trans people. Exactly how to do this is sometimes opaque and feels difficult.

If you are actively hiring for positions in a company that is friendly to transgender people, in a country that is safe for transgender people, and you are willing to sponsor visas for people seeking to emigrate for these positions, I would like to hear from you.

If this is you, please enter your details here, and I’ll make them available on a public, open source website soon.

If you’re unsure which countries are considered to be safe for transgender people, and if your country is one, Rainbow Relocation has a reasonable list, and others are available.

To be clear: I want trans people to feel safe here in the United States, and I want them to be here. But I also understand peoples’ need to feel safe in the current moment. I am not urging people to move, but I would like to make life easier for people who want to. I’m making this request in the spirit of assistance, because I’ve already been asked.

I am also probably not the right person to put this together! But I didn’t see anyone else doing it. If you are from a reputable organization that supports transgender safety in a professional way, and you would like to take ownership of this list or collaborate, or if you are already doing something like this and I missed it, please email me at ben@benwerd.com.

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The indie web should be a universe of discovery

The Norrington Room, from Wikimedia Commons

In Oxford, my hometown, the flagship Blackwell’s bookshop looks like any ordinary bookstore at ground level. But if you go down a set of stairs, you find yourself in the Norrington Room: one of the largest rooms full of books in the world. The shelves expand out around you to encompass almost every possible subject: three miles of bookshelves, holding hundreds of thousands of books.

As in any good bookstore, tables are set out where the knowledgable booksellers (and Blackwell’s has some of the most informed and knowledgable booksellers in the world) have curated interesting titles. But you also have the ability to peruse any book, at your leisure. The Norrington Room doesn’t have a coffee shop or sell music, but there are comfy chairs where you can enjoy the books and read.

The modern version of Google search has been optimized for fast answers: a search query. But that’s not the only kind of search that’s valuable. It’s not an experiential search. I had a conversation with capjamesg the other day that put this into focus: he’s very smartly thinking about the next decade of useful tools for the indieweb. And on an internet that’s focused on transactional answers, we agreed that an experiential web was missing.

The indieweb should feel like the Norrington Room: an expansive world of different voices, opinions, modes of expression, and art that you can explore, peruse, or have curated for you. It’s not about any particular goal aside from the goal of being enriched by people sharing their lived experiences, creativity, and expertise. It’s a journey of discovery, conversation, and community, not a journey of extraction.

Curators and linkblogs are one part of it. Webrings like the indieweb webring scratch the surface of it. Blog directories like ooh.directory and blogrolls are part of it. But I feel like we’re missing something else. I’m not sure what that is! But I sure wish we had the equivalent of knowledgable booksellers — indie tummelers, perhaps — to guide us and help intentionally build community.

Norrington Room photo from Wikimedia Commons, shared under a CC share-alike license.

Syndicated to IndieNews.

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Building an open web that protects us from harm

We live in a world where right-wing nationalism is on the rise and many governments, including the incoming Trump administration, are promising mass deportations. Trump in particular has discussed building camps as part of mass deportations. This question used to feel more hypothetical than it does today.

Faced with this reality, it’s worth asking: who would stand by you if this kind of authoritarianism took hold in your life?

You can break allyship down into several key areas of life:

  • Who in your personal life is an ally? (Your friends, acquaintances, and extended family.)
  • Who in your professional life is an ally? (People you work with, people in partner organizations, and your industry.)
  • Who in civic life is an ally? (Your representatives, government workers, individual members of law enforcement, healthcare workers, and so on.)
  • Which service providers are allies? (The people you depend on for goods and services — including stores, delivery services, and internet services.)

And in turn, can be broken down further:

  • Who will actively help you evade an authoritarian regime?
  • Who will refuse to collaborate with a regime’s demands?

These two things are different. There’s also a third option — non-collaboration but non-refusal — which I would argue does not constitute allyship at all. This might look like passively complying with authoritarian demands when legally compelled, without taking steps to resist or protect the vulnerable. While this might not seem overtly harmful, it leaves those at risk exposed. As Naomi Shulman points out, the most dangerous complicity often comes from those who quietly comply. Nice people made the best Nazis.

For the remainder of this post, I will focus on the roles of internet service vendors and protocol authors in shaping allyship and resisting authoritarianism.

For these groups, refusing to collaborate means that you’re not capitulating to active demands by an authoritarian regime, but you might not be actively considering how to help people who are vulnerable. The people who are actively helping, on the other hand, are actively considering how to prevent someone from being tracked, identified, and rounded up by a regime, and are putting preventative measures in place. (These might include implementing encryption at rest, minimizing data collection, and ensuring anonymity in user interactions.)

If we consider an employer, refusing to collaborate means that you won’t actively hand over someone’s details on request. Actively helping might mean aiding someone in hiding or escaping to another jurisdiction.

These questions of allyship apply not just to individuals and organizations, but also to the systems we design and the technologies we champion. Those of us who are involved in movements to liberate social software from centralized corporations need to consider our roles. Is decentralization enough? Should we be allies? What kind of allies?

This responsibility extends beyond individual actions to the frameworks we build and the partnerships we form within open ecosystems. While building an open protocol that makes all content public and allows indefinite tracking of user activity without consent may not amount to collusion, it is also far from allyship. Partnering with companies that collaborate with an authoritarian regime, for example by removing support for specific vulnerable communities and enabling the spread of hate speech, may also not constitute allyship. Even if it furthers your immediate stated technical and business goals to have that partner on board, it may undermine your stated social goals. Short-term compromises for technical or business gains may seem pragmatic but risk undermining the ethics that underpin open and decentralized systems.

Obviously, the point of an open protocol is that anyone can use it. But we should avoid enabling entities that collude with authoritarian regimes to become significant contributors to or influencers of open protocols and platforms. While open protocols can be used by anyone, we must distinguish between passive use and active collaboration. Enabling authoritarian-aligned entities to shape the direction or governance of these protocols undermines their potential for liberation.

In light of Mark Zuckerberg’s clear acquiescence to the incoming Trump administration (for example by rolling back DEI, allowing hate speech, and making a series of bizarre statements designed to placate Trump himself), I now believe Threads should not be allowed to be an active collaborator to open protocols unless it can attest that it will not collude, and that it will protect vulnerable groups using its platforms from harm. I also think Bluesky’s AT Protocol decision to make content and user blocks completely open and discoverable should be revisited. I also believe there should be an ethical bill of rights for users on open social media protocols that authors should sign, which includes the right to privacy, freedom from surveillance, safeguards against hate speech, and strong protections for vulnerable communities.

As builders, users, and advocates of open systems, we must demand transparency, accountability, and ethical commitments from all contributors to open protocols. Without these safeguards, we risk creating tools that enable oppression rather than resisting it. Allyship demands more than neutrality — it demands action.

Syndicated to IndieNews.

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46 books

A library

Previous birthday posts: 45 wishes, 44 thoughts about the future, 43 things, 42 / 42 admissions, 41 things.


One. I lie in bed as Ma read Dodie Smith’s The Hundred and One Dalmatians to me. It was the fifth, and last, straight time; after this, she would finally put her foot down. Outside, in the Oxford dusk, the neighborhood dogs speak to each other over fences and hedges, the starlight barking in full force. Occasionally, a bird lands on the spiraling wrought iron fire escape outside.

It’s an old book, and the Romani people are not treated well in it. Revised versions are available. And, of course, the Disney versions.

Two. Nobody seems to want to adapt the anti nuclear war science fiction sequel, though, the cowards.

Three. I borrow Constellations: Stories of the Future from the library for the third time: a hardback book in a protective plastic sleeve full of stories that seem almost illicit. One of the stories, Let’s Go to Golgotha! is about a time-traveling tourist agency; the participants slowly realize that the crowd condemning Jesus to the cross is entirely made up of people from the future. Beyond Lies the Wub was Philip K Dick’s first short story; a horror tale about meat-eating and possession. It’s a Good Life, about a child with godlike powers, sets up a scenario that I still regularly think about. And Vonnegut’s Harrison Bergeron is, of course, a layered classic, rife with mischief.

Outside the library, there’s still a bakery selling cheap bread rolls and jam donuts. (It’s a Primark now.) The smell is intoxicating but the stories already have me.

Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. I feel disconnected from the other children on the playground: like I’m missing a magic password that they know and I don’t. There’s no one big thing, but there are lots of little things; an idiom I don’t understand here, a reference I don’t get there. As an adult, I’ll have a name for what this is and why it’s true: third culture kid. But as a child, I just know that something is off.

The Dark is Rising sequence soft launches as a Blyton-esque adventure in Cornwall, and then dives into a story that is deeper than any of the culture I see around me. In its tales of pagan magic that pre-date the prevailing Christianity, of green witches and Cornish folk legends, it both captivates me and informs me about the history of the place I find myself in. And then there’s Will, and the Old Ones, and a wisdom that cuts underneath the superficial nonsense that I don’t understand and suggests that something deeper is far more important.

‌When the Dark comes rising six shall turn it back; Three from the circle, three from the track; Wood, bronze, iron; Water, fire, stone; Five will return and one go alone. I can still recite it. The Dark is still rising. There is still silver on the tree.

Ten. There’s a doorway in St Mary’s Passage, a side street in the collegic part of Oxford, that is adorned with two fawns and a lion. Down the road, a Victorian lamppost still burns, albeit with electric light. There are plenty of tourist websites and videos that explain this was the inspiration for Narnia. I mean, it makes sense. But I don’t think it’s true.

Oxford is full of portals. I would know: I was a child there. There are space ships, time machines, great wooden galleons, castles hidden in dimensions somewhere between our reality and another. CS Lewis and JRR Tolkien were both inspired by Shotover, an area of hilly, wooded parkland on the edge of the city. Lewis had a house adjoining the area; Tolkien lived nearby. (Years earlier, Lewis Carroll roamed the hills, too. Years later, so did I.) They’re not the same place, but rather, multiple places that exist as layers over the same ground; different angles and reflections of the same ideas. They were both Inklings, after all.

Anyway, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe tells the truth about portals. They’re everywhere. I still check every wardrobe; don’t you?

Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. I consume The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe, and Life, the Universe and Everything in successive bouts of the flu in our house on the Marston Road, a tiny, water-damaged duplex that my parents have been restoring by hand. My bed is a single red and white bunk above a writing desk, on which I’ve doodled in ballpoint pen.

At the same time, I’ve been playing the Infocom text adventure adaptation, which Douglas Adams was directly involved in. All of these tales are irreverent in a way that directly appeals to me: they poke fun at norms and the bureaucracy of stasis. The books and the game all gently break the rules of their respective forms. They see how ridiculous the world is. This is a different kind of portal: not one to a fantasy realm, but one to a realization that you’re not alone. There are people on the road ahead of you, unpicking the rigidity of the world, and they’re looking back and winking.

And all of us are subject to forces bigger than us. Adams hated the little green planet that adorns every American book and game in the series, but he couldn’t do anything about it. Irony and sarcasm aren’t just forms of wit; they’re escape hatches. At their best, they’re a way of punching up. People who say they’re the lowest are missing the point and are probably Vogons.

Fourteen. It’s not that I’m sick a lot, but grade school is like a Petri dish for colds and flus, so I’m not notsick a lot, either. I’ve finished Douglas Adams but find myself hungry for more, and can’t stomach the direct parody of less wryly satirical books. Terry Pratchett fits the bill, and Mort, the story of Death’s apprentice, is my jumping-off point.

They both eat systems and norms for breakfast, but Pratchett is often more directly, pointedly satirical than Adams was; this is overt social criticism, making fun of people with power and the structures established to dance around them. Teenage me, stuck in my bunk with yet another flu while rain pounds my bedroom windows, literally an outsider while the impenetrable politics and in-groups of high school carry on without me, adores it. I start to see the power of being an outsider. The thing about being a fish out of water is that you can see the water.

‌ It's not worth doing something unless someone, somewhere, would much rather you weren't doing it, Pratchett writes. Right on.

Fifteen. I’m thirteen and sitting in my homeroom class. We’ve all been reading our own books, and our homeroom teacher (who also happens to be our English teacher) has asked us each to read a passage out loud to the cloud. Some of my classmates are reading The Hardy Boys; some are reading Jane Austen; some are reading Tolkien.

I read a passage of Timewyrm: Exodus where the Doctor and Ace are escaping the regenerated War Chief, the villain of 1969 Doctor Who story The War Games, who has helped Hitler raise an army of Nazi zombies. The passage ends when the zombie horde is halted with explosive grenades.

A few kids who generally don’t like to read come up afterwards to ask where I got the book. They seem excited. They seem excited to talk to me. These are not people who usually want to. Maybe I just have to give them something they like.

Sixteen. I catch my reflection in a department store mirror and shudder. Is that really me? Does that really have to be me? How can I stop it?

I look around at the other kids here: slim, elegant, comfortable in their skin. Effortless. Why can’t I be them?

Being an outsider is still being an outsider. By my late teens, I feel like there’s something truly wrong with me: it’s still like there’s a secret password that everybody knows but me, but now the stakes are higher. I want to belong; I want to feel like I have intrinsic value; I can’t find or justify it.

I’m tall now, really tall, and not exactly obese, but not slim, either. More than one person I have a crush on tells me to lose weight. More than one person I have a crush on tells me that maybe I’d have a chance if we had more money or if I wasn’t so weird. I’m constantly exhausted and the wry humor that used to characterize my otherness has been replaced with despair: nothing I do matters because there’s something wrong with me. It’s a firm depression, but either nobody catches it or nobody knows what to do with it. My grades nosedive.

Prozac Nation doesn’t catch everything, but it gives me a window into someone who feels a bit like I do. (I can’t relate to the drugs, but I see the allure, too.) Its author, Elizabeth Wurtzel, is like a cool depressed person: someone who feels this way but is also interesting, desirable, a little bit rockstar-like.

Today, I see the ego. As a teenager, I just see the reflection.

Seventeen. I’ve been writing software for a while now. My mother taught me BASIC on our 8-bit computer when I was five; when I was thirteen, my parents gifted me the PC-compatible version of Prospero Pascal for my birthday. I’ve worked through the manual and written a few small games. My first Pascal effort was Mr A Goes For a Walk, where a letter “A” did exactly that. A year later, I’d written a fully featured Sokobanclone. I’m inspired by Jeff Minter’s seminal (and utterly irreverent) Llamatron and want to build with the same sensibility. Making things feels really good; seeing people enjoy things I made feels even better, and goes some way towards filling the black hole of self-doubt that still lives within me.

Someone recommends Microserfs: a book which should be a warning but isn’t received as one at all. The characters here are quirky outsiders — like me! — who throw themselves into building something on their own terms. They eat flat foods that can be pushed under doors so they can keep working. They struggle with their code, their work, and their lives. And they show me that there might be a place for me.

So many Douglas Coupland books, including this one, are about the emptiness of living in late-nineties capitalism. The clue is in the word serfs, but that isn’t what hits for me. That isn’t what hits at all.

I sit in the sixth form common room, a lounge in my high school where older students can study and do homework, and devour it, as Oasis, jungle music, and mid-nineties hip hop play around me. From somewhere, there’s the smell of cheese and onion crisps. Do they qualify as flat food?

Eighteen. The common room is a harsh place, but just one of a series of harsh places that school has represented for me. Because I’m big and don’t fight back, people feel like they can verbally abuse me, hit me, kick me. It comes from nowhere, usually, and I’m left reeling. Nobody, least of all the people who run the school, seems to want to help. Even today, I see fond reminiscences of people in our school year’s Facebook group, and I think, no, that person caused me so much pain. I’m other to them — a not-person — and that makes me fair game. I’ve internalized that it’s my fault. It happens because I deserve it, and I wonder how I might change to be more acceptable.

I find some kinship in Cat’s Eye, Margaret Atwood’s story of an artist who revisits her childhood home. There’s something in there about the protagonist being untethered from her environment and the cultureof her environment that resonates. The book diverges so far from my experiences after that, but there’s so much here about the act of creation and how it interrelates with identity.

Nineteen. I’m seven years old and at my friend Clare’s house: a typically Oxford Victorian brick home that spreads over multiple floors. Her dad, Humphrey, has an office off of the stairs that I’ve only seen a glimpse of: there’s a desk with a typewriter and while he’s a very kind man in my eyes, he absolutely does not want us to go in there. He writes for a living, which seems like a magical thing to be able to do: the way I see it, you get to tell stories all day long. You get to create.

Later, he asks me what I want for my birthday, and I’m too shy to tell him what I really want, so I say a My Little Pony. What I really want is for him to sign Mr Majeika for me: a story that’s fun in itself but clearly anchored in his life, his family, his personality. I still regret being shy about that.

Twenty. Years later I find Humphrey’s official biography of JRR Tolkien at Moe’s, a chaotic used bookstore in Berkeley, and buy it immediately. I’m not particularly interested in Tolkien but I remember Humphrey fondly. It’s a portal to him; to that time; to a feeling of possibilities; to laughing while running up the stairs.

Twenty-one. TVGoHome, by an online writer I like called Charlie Brooker, is exactly what I like: a spoof of mainstream culture, through parody TV listings, that doesn’t hold back. One of the fake shows from the listings is later turned into a real show. Later, the author makes a spiritual follow-on about a zombie outbreak on the set of Big Brother. It’s a natural progression but I’m amazed they let him do it.

His final form is Black Mirror, which starts with the Prime Minister and a pig and winds up in sweeping cinematic dystopias starting Mackenzie Davis, Miley Cyrus, Bryce Dallas Howard. It all starting with comic strips advertising a dusty old second-hand store in inner London, and it ended somewhere so much grander, so much more global, without compromising almost anything. The claws are intact.

The book inspires me; the rest of it, too, but later. I wonder if I can be this kind of creator too; a curator of portals for other people to step through, to take them out of the water so they can see it for what it is. Or, at least, take a swipe at the places I can’t seem to fit.

Twenty-two. I wanted a clean break, away from Oxford and the trap of who I am, but this isn’t what I was going for.

I’m in a block of student flats in Edinburgh. If a door shuts anywhere in the building, you can hear it anywhere else: the sound carries, and people are drunk late into the night, and there’s never any peace. A fierce winter wind blows at the windowpanes. The mattress is covered in shiny plastic and I can feel it through my sheets.

I’m fascinated by Brave New World and its setup of totalitarianism defended by acquiescence: a world where nobody has to ban books because nobody wants to read them. A dystopia protected by distraction. From my vantage point, it seems plausible.

Sometimes, my flatmates barge into my bedroom and pile onto me. One likes to spit in my food as I’m cooking it. One inhabitant of the building tells me not to talk to him. It doesn’t feel very far away from my high school common room, as much as I wanted it to be.

Twenty-three. I’ve decided to study computer science, but immediately realized my mistake. It’s not the study of how to make tools for people that empower them in ways they weren’t before; nor is it the study of how to tell stories with new means. It’s a practice rooted in mathematics and physics, of the underlying mechanics torn from the underlying humanity that gives any of it meaning. I hate it. I truly hate it.

And yet, although every day is a slog, I decide to stick it out. I know I’ll be able to use it later on.

The British system is very far from the American liberal arts approach of allowing students to choose their major after sampling a range of subjects. Here, you effectively have to choose your major when you’re sixteen, and it’s very hard to change. There is very little opportunity to study outside of your core subject.

But I do have one elective, in my second year. I choose Forensic Medicine because I think it will be useful fuel to tell stories. I learn about how forensic pathologists use blood spatter to determine the direction of blows and what kind of weapon is used. I learn Locard’s Principle of Exchange, which dictates that every contact leaves a trace: something that seems to apply far beyond the subject. Every time you touch something, every time something touches you, a trace is left. Inspired by this principle, I decide not to attend the optional autopsy lecture, fearing that it will change me in ways I might not like.

Simpson’s Forensic Medicine is a grisly book, but at least it’s not advanced calculus.

Twenty-four. Twenty-five. I came to Edinburgh because it was a cultural center more than because the university had a good computer science program, although both things are true.

I’m in a tent at the Edinburgh Book Festival, chatting with Garry Trudeau. I’ve loved his comic strip, Doonesbury, since I was an early teen; I started with his late-seventies collection As the Kid Goes For Broke, which was lying around my great grandparents’ house, and kept reading. It’s got its claws into the world in the way I like, but somehow made its way into the mainstream, normy Sunday comics section.

He’s a delight. We’re talking about Asterix the Gaul, a comic it turns out we both love. I can’t believe my luck.

How can I be one of these people?

Twenty-six. I’m on the streets of Glasgow, protesting the impending war in Iraq. Altogether, two million people in the UK — around 3% of its entire population — are protesting with us. Some have pre-made placards made by the usual organizations that want to spread their own agenda as well as the matter at hand; others have homemade signs. My friend carries one that simply reads, “too angry for a slogan”.

It’s clear that the war is based on bad information. The so-called “dodgy dossier” of information about “weapons of mass destruction” is so obviously fake long before it is officially revealed to be. And yet, Britain is part of the invasion, and the dossier of convenient unfacts is used to help justify George W Bush’s war effort.

I’m new to politics and I’m apoplectically angry. Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent has some of the answers I’m looking for. I don’t like the implications, but the arguments resonate.

Clawing at the status quo mainstream starts to mean something more than poking fun at the ridiculous nature of class and power imbalances. Sometimes, lives are on the line.

Twenty-seven. Twenty-eight. I’ve graduated. Almost immediately, I go back to work for my university; at that time there aren’t very many software jobs in Edinburgh, and I’ve grown into the city to the extent that I don’t want to leave quite yet.

I find myself working out of an office — actually a converted broom closet with a window that doesn’t shut, directly above where they fry the chips for the study canteen — at the Moray House School of Education with a belligerent PhD candidate who resents my presence. By necessity, we start talking, and it becomes clear that we have something to share with each other. He’s knee deep in the educational technology world, where people are starting to talk about “e-portfolios”: a collection of examples of academic work that sound a lot like social media if you squint a bit. In turn, I’m a programmer, a writer, and a blogger.

We build a platform together. I call it Elgg, after the town in Switzerland the Werdmullers come from. It’s inspired by Brad Fitzpatrick’s LiveJournal but is designed to be as easy to install as WordPress. Some people seem to like it.

My first published work is a co-written chapter in The Handbook of Research in ePortfolios about our work. Later, people write full-blown books about our platform.

I move back to Oxford so that I’m closer to the London software ecosystem. We rent an office above a bookstore in Summertown, down the road from a Lebanese deli and a wine bar that for some reason sells excellent croissants. Some days I’m too excited to sit still in my chair.

I’ve (co-)created something that people like, and found a community in the process. I feel prouder and happier than I have since I was a child. I feel like this was a portal worth falling through.

Twenty-nine. Ben Brown seems interesting. I’m introduced to his site Uber through an Edinburgh friend: irreverent writing with an internet sensibility. I’m heavily online at this point — blogging, but in ways that feel uncool and awkward. What Ben is doing is very different; literary in a way. It’s a precursor of publisher like The Toast and even McSweeney’s.

Ben publishes books as So New Media, an indie house co-founded with James Stegall. I buy Beneath The Axis Of Evil: One Man's Journey Into The Horrors Of War by Neal Pollack. Yet another dive into the Iraq War; another clawback at the Bush / Blair continuum.

Ben’s whole enterprise is inspiring: you can go it alone now. You can maintain your voice. And you can still find an audience while leaving yourself unmoderated. In some ways, on the internet, the rougher your edges are, the easier it is for other people to latch on to you.

Years later, I meet Ben in person at XOXO (he silently sidles up to me at an X-Men arcade machine). Years after that, I buy him lunch in San Francisco. I don’t think he knows exactly what it means to me.

Thirty. Thirty-one. Thirty-two. I’m exhausted; gaining weight; my feet, for some reason, are constantly cramping up. It’s all stress. All the startup.

My partner is constantly telling me that I need to relax and take time away from work. The startup is all-encompassing; stressful; in every part of my life. My friends and family try to ban me from working past 7:30pm. She buys me my first-ever massage, which is a revelation, and suggests books for me to read.

I’d previously read Maus, a graphic novel that is both autobiographical a vividly-painted portrait of the horrors of the Holocaust. It uses the visual language of comic strips but the meaning runs deep. I come from a family that was also thrust into WWII: my father is a Japanese concentration camp survivor, my (Jewish) grandfather on my mother’s side was captured by the Nazis and presumed dead. The story itself resonates with me, but the form does too: comics are a flippant visual medium, in a way, but here that’s used as an entry point for a realism that might not have hit as hard another way.

So Helen introduces me to Alan Moore: first through From Hell and then V for Vendetta. Unlike Maus, these are unapologetically fiction, but the use of the comics medium is similarly effective. I particularly like the way From Hell establishes a new psychogeography of London, rooting the story of Jack the Ripper in its location by adding layers and resonances that tie back to the planning of the city itself. It adds something new to places I’ve walked all my life. That’s good. I’m looking for something new.

Thirty-three. My co-founder likes to tell new people we meet that we’re not friends. More than once, he’s threatened to physically fight me: most memorably over the limitations of the OpenID specification. On a drive through the rolling Yorkshire hills, sunshine dappling the moor grass, he tells me that he’s worried about hiring women because they might get pregnant. He pulls me aside during a contract for MIT to let me know he’s in this for himself and that I should expect him to make decisions with that in mind. On a work excursion to Brighton, he refuses to eat with the rest of the team.

This is, in short, not working out.

The business threatens to move towards servicing hedge funds, and I choose to leave. One afternoon, I simply close my laptop and listen to the quiet of my house, the footsteps of pedestrians on the street outside, the swoosh of passing cars. Later, there will be worries about money and what exactly I will do next, but for that one spring afternoon, I feel weightless.

I need punctuation. A clean break.

I’ve never been to Rome in living memory. As it turns out, it’s also cheap to get there.

My then-partner and I spend ten days roaming its ancient streets, armed with the Rough Guide to Rome. “I don’t want this to end,” she says, as we eat grilled artichokes and cacio e pepe on outdoor tables set in a cobblestoned alleyway. It’s a new relationship and we’re discovering each other as well as the twists and turns of an ancient city. “Me either,” I say, and I take another bite.

Thirty-four. I’m six years old. My grandparents live with us for a little while in a grand old house in Oxford: a stone Victorian with a curved driveway and a big back garden. The kitchen has terracotta tiles. My Grandma reads The Black Island to me in my bed and stays with me for a bit while I drift off to sleep.

I’m seven years old. I’m told to stay in my bedroom. My mother’s received a phone call and is crying in the living room. I’m not to go see her. I’m to wait. My Grandma had pulmonary fibrosis in her lungs; she was finding it harder and harder to breathe. And now, so suddenly, she’s gone. All the way in Texas; thousands of miles away from my mother. I can’t begin comprehend the loss but I know that if my mother was sick I would want to see her again.

Thirty-five. My parents have lived in California for years now: first to look after my Oma, and then just to live. Ma — after consistently calling her by her first name throughout my childhood, she’s Ma to me in my thirties — has retrained from an analyst for the telecommunications industry to a middle school science teacher in one of the central valley’s most impoverished districts. She loves her work in a way she never did before.

But she has a persistent cough that won’t let go.

At first we wonder if it’s just the dust of the Central Valley: almond shells and the detritus from overfarming. Maybe she just needs clean air.

It’s almost Christmas-time. I’ve wrapped a copy of You Can Write Children’s Books. She would be so good at it — her writing, the way she tells stories, has always been so magical to me — and it’s so in line with what she’s turned her life to do.

In the liner, I add some written lines of my own, based on her life in Oxford:

In a house at the bottom of a hill, in a small town that rarely saw the sun, there lived a little dog who loved to play.

A few days before Christmas, we understand that she has pulmonary fibrosis. This same thief of a disease my Grandma had. We knew, in a way — my dad, in particular, knew — but the diagnosis makes it official. It’s a new cloud.

What we don’t understand:

What happens next.

What to do next.

How long she has.

Who else will get it.

Why.

Thirty-six. My sister is reading my copy of Parable of the Sower to Ma. She’s perched on my parents’ bed in Santa Rosa. Outside, the sun is shining over the Sonoma hills. Somewhere, my dad is tinkering with something downstairs.

It’s been a while. My sister and I both moved to California, starting from scratch. Ma continued teaching for as long as she could; her middle school science teachers were fascinated by the oxygen tanks she began to wear on her back like a Ghostbuster. Then it became too hard and too heavy, her oxygen needs too great. I sent a Hail Mary letter to the hospital explaining how badly in need she was; her oxygen concentrators were refrigerator sized and running in parallel, her movements limited by how far her cannula tube could extend. Eventually, at the very last moment, they tried something new and cut a set of lungs down to fit her size in order to try and save her life.

The first night, I refuse to leave her side. The doctors eventually kick me out of her ICU room and I sleep in the family room down the hall. The day after happens to be the Super Bowl; she takes her first post-double-lung-transplant walk just as Beyoncé takes to the halftime stage to sing Crazy Right Now.

Now, a few years later, the drugs are taking their toll. She’s tired. She’s often ill. But she’s here. My sister likes to read to her, and she loves lying there and listening. Other times, at the dialysis she now needs because the anti-rejection drugs have killed her kidneys, she reads on a Kindle with the font size cranked practically as high as it will go.

Every day is a gift. Every contact leaves a trace. Every book is a portal out of here.

Thirty-seven. The last book Ma and I read together is The Nickel Boys. It’s the kind of thing she likes to read: a story about America’s monstrous history, told with skill and resonance. We share our reflections of it; the experience of reading the same ideas. Asynchronously, sure, but together all the same.

Thirty-eight. When I move to California I land in Berkeley. I find myself a coworking space above a coffee shop: a mix of developers, academics, and artists. Most of us have a standard office desk, but one inhabitant, Hallie Bateman, has brought in an antique wooden artist’s desk that looks like it’s been dropped in from another dimension. It’s covered in paintbrushes, inks, and paper: fragments of a very different kind of professional life to the one I’m leading.

I continue to follow her work long after we share an office. When she publishes What to Do When I'm Gone: A Mother's Wisdom to Her Daughter — instructions from her own mother about what to do once she dies — I buy it immediately. Back then, when Ma was still around, I could read it all the way through. I no longer can. It sits on my shelf and I sometimes think about it, but grief is like a wave, and I know it can overtake me.

Instead of asking Ma for instructions, I sit down with a tripod and a camera and I record her life story, instead.

Thirty-nine. My Aunt publishes a book about evaluating scientific evidence in the context of civil and criminal legal contexts.

I have it, of course, even though I am not a lawyer and I have no professional need for it. I remember her poring over the edit on her laptop in the downstairs bedroom in my great grandparents’ house on Cape Cod.

The last time I see her, we eat Thai food in the Tenderloin. I have no idea it’s the last time. This disease is evil.

Forty. Forty-one. Forty-two. I’m in Santa Rosa and can still hear the wheels of the pole the feeding tube hangs from wheeling across the floor; of the oxygen clicking through the cannula; of my parents talking. It will fade, eventually, but I’m haunted now, and lost.

My mother talked about being radicalized. Both my parents were Berkeley radicals, which just means that they took action on causes they cared about. I think about all those people I’ve looked up to who kept their claws sharp, who dug in, who fought for equity and didn’t compromise their values, who had a voice and used it.

I walk the Santa Rosa hills, looking at these big houses on the edge of wine country, and listen to the audiobook of The Jakarta Method, which details the murder undertaken in the name of America. I re-read The Handmaid’s Tale. Through Caste, I’m appalled to learn that Hitler’s treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany was inspired by American Jim Crow laws.

By now I know that I won’t get the disease — or at least, not according to our current understanding of that. It’s a genetic mutation that I don’t have. But regardless, we all have limited time, and none of us know how much time we have left. Time is ticking for everyone.

I think about how I might do a better job of using my voice to make the world better. Later, I’ll start applying to jobs where I can help people speak truth to power; to work to further the work of journalism. To honor my mother — really to honor both my parents — and what she stood for in the world. I want to live up to them.

Forty-three. I allow myself to start to write again. Words, not software. It feels daunting. My cousin Sarah, who is a very successful author (and whose books, although not designed for me, have made me cry), once recommended Bird By Bird. I’ve come back to it again and again: it’s about writing but also not. Its lessons are relevant to anyone who is building something big and new; anyone who is picking themselves up.

‌You own everything that happened to you. Tell your stories.

Forty-four. The last book Ma gives me is Between the World and Me: a letter from Ta-Nehisi Coates to his son. It is masterful. A portal to lived experiences I don’t have; a way in to understanding them, and through this understanding, to better understand the role I have to play, too.

It’s not the main point of the book, but one of those unknown lived experiences: having a son and the sense of responsibility that follows. I can’t imagine the fear of caring for a child while being Black in America; I can’t imagine having a child at all.

Forty-five. Erin’s labor has been two days long, difficult, and painful. Our son wasn’t breathing in the way they expected him to, so I’m standing at a table off to the side while they put a mask to him and try to get him to start. I find myself wondering if this is, somehow, the disease, this curse, out to get us again.

Eventually, after a few minutes that seem like days or years, my heart pounding in my chest all the while, he breathes normally. We’re able to return him, the doctors and me, to his waiting mother. He cries, then snuggles in. She cries with him.

I can’t believe Ma will never meet him. She’s there, of course. I remember the songs she sang to me and sing them to him; I find myself using the same words to console him and to let him know he’s loved. Maybe I won’t read him The Hundred and One Dalmatians, but I have other books in mind.

There will be new books, too, that we did not discover together but will continue our story.

Have you ever read The Runaway Bunny?

“If you become a bird and fly away from me,” said his mother, “I will be a tree that you come home to.”

She is nowhere and she is everywhere. I see her in him. I see myself in him and him in me. Every contact leaves a trace. We are a continuum.

Forty-six. Donald Trump has been re-elected. The shadow of renewed nationalism, of division, of hate feels heavier than ever. The world is at, or on the brink of, war. I remember marching in Glasgow, the despair when it came to nothing. We are all in need of a refuge. We are all in need of portals out of here.

We’re lying in bed: Erin, him, and me. “Read a book?” My son asks me. Of course I read to him. Of course.

I open The Story of Ferdinand and begin:

‌Once upon a time in Spain there was a little bull and his name was Ferdinand. All the other little bulls he lived with would run and jump and butt their heads together, but not Ferdinand. He liked to sit just quietly and smell the flowers.

He snuggles into my arm and I stay with him until he falls asleep.

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Predictions for tech, 2025

2025: Photo by Moritz Knöringer on Unsplash

You know what they say: predictions are like resurgent nationalist movements. Everyone’s got one.

I missed the deadline for Nieman Lab’s always-excellent Predictions for Journalism this year, so I thought I’d share a few more bite-sized predictions about various topics I’ve written over the last year. Every prediction says more about the person making it than about the actual future; please take these in that light. I am not a soothsayer, but boy, do I have opinions.

Here are some of them:

The AI industry will continue to orient itself around its definition of AGI, regardless of its harms.

OpenAI and Microsoft’s definition of artificial general intelligence is not what you might suspect: they define it as the point where AI systems can generate at least $100 billion in profits. Given that the industry is losing billions of dollars hand over fist today, there’s a long way to go.

Closing that gap means selling in lots of different places, but the most lucrative are going to be deeper partnerships with mass-market systems, government, and military applications. For all of OpenAI’s talk about not creating AI that will make us extinct through its intelligence, I predict it and companies like it will take firmer steps towards assisting companies who might kill us through more prosaic means.

AI vendors may also look at ways to reduce the cost of sanitizing and tagging its input data — currently often outsourced overseas. They may, for example, consider using prison labor, taking cues from Finland, which has engaged in the practice for years.

Publishers will pivot to AI, with predictable results.

Lured by up-front payouts and a carefully-cultivated (and heavily paid-for) sense that they’re missing out if they’re not participating, many news publishers will be all-in on AI. It will be to their detriment.

Publishers with low-volume qualitative output will mistakenly think that their high-quality stories are more valuable to AI vendors, fundamentally misunderstanding how training data is acquired and used. They will not see the ongoing licensing premiums for their content that they might hope for.

Publishers with high-volume output will allow their stories to be used as training data. They will find that ongoing revenue suffers as a result and that those payments only temporarily addressed a downward funding trend that will continue apace.

Only the publishers who treat AI as a side issue and continue to address their fundamental value to their readers and communities will succeed.

The United States will not create a Bitcoin reserve.

Despite calls and even a pledge to the contrary, President Trump will not follow through with creating any kind of crypto reserve or an intentional stockpile of Bitcoin. It’s simply not in his interests: the US dollar is not just a currency but a global network of power and influence that he can leverage to his advantage.

But don’t rejoice quite yet, crypto-skeptics. Instead of stockpiling existing, independent cryptocurrencies, he might plausibly create a new coin with US interests in mind and with the official seal of a government endorsement, with partners drawn from his existing network. (USDC, the prevailing dollar-backed stablecoin, is issued by Circle, a private company. This would be a replacement.) The result would almost certainly be more profit for his own private interests and that of his friends, particularly as he could incentivize traditional American banks to support it as a transfer mechanism.

Threads will implement full ActivityPub integration but continue to struggle to release it in the EU.

Confounding its skeptics, Threads will release full end-to-end support for the ActivityPub specification that allows it to act as one cohesive social network with Mastodon, among other platforms. The immediate effect will be a change of the center of gravity in the Fediverse: rather than Threads being seen to integrate with Mastodon, Mastodon and every Fediverse platform will be seen as Threads-compatible. (Mastodon et al will continue to support smaller communities with specific needs; Threads will be the mass market platform on the network.)

Because of the way data is federated between systems in ActivityPub, and because of Meta’s data commitments as a large platform owner, this compatibility will not launch in the EU without major changes to the experience. Meta will endeavor to work with the authors of ActivityPub to make it easier to comply with EU data restrictions, but may be seen as trying to exert undue influence over the protocol by some in the community.

Some social media platforms will relocate from the US.

In an effort to maintain independence and avoid complying with restrictions to Section 230 and an uptick in government subpoenas under the Trump administration, some social media platforms will move their headquarters to countries that allow them to maintain more independence.

Neutral Switzerland will be a favorite. Because of a local requirement to have some Swiss ownership of countries located there, some founders will seek to go through its notoriously difficult naturalization process; there will also be an influx of repatriated Swiss tech entrepreneurs who see an opportunity in helping out.

TikTok will continue to operate, but will need to take it to the Supreme Court.

The law banning TikTok goes into effect on January 19, one day before the inauguration of the new President. It cannot comply. It’s likely, therefore, that it will take up the case and bring it to the Supreme Court. The Court may then decide that the law was written with punishing a single target in mind (TikTok alone), without a preceding trial for the claimed crimes, and could repeal it on that basis.

Bird flu will be a thing.

California has already declared a state of emergency because of its spread in cattle, and the virus has already mutated in human hosts to become more infectious. 66 people have died from it at the time of writing. On the prediction markets, the probability of a million cases by the end of the year is soaring.

Whether this becomes a global pandemic like COVID-19 will be up to governments to respond. Given the US government that will be in power when this does, inevitably, become a thing, I’ll leave it up to the reader to decide whether the response will be science-based and adequately up to the challenge.

Long-form fiction will (continue to) rise.

A lot of ink has been spilled about the death of books. Elle Griffin’s piece No one buys books has been particularly influential. It’s also not a complete picture.

It’s absolutely true that the big publishing houses are consolidating and that there are fewer opportunities to be published by them if you don’t have an existing community. But there’s a long tail of smaller publishing houses, and self-publishing has become more than a cottage industry. The latter isn’t just hacks banging out AI-written non-fiction self-help books; there are many, many authors building genuinely great careers on their own terms. They’re not Stephen King millionaires, but they’re making a great living — particularly in genres like dark romance that big publishing houses might be less excited to touch.

In a world that is going to feel a bit more adverse (see my other predictions above), independent, interesting fiction that speaks to the needs of its audience will both find that audience and do well with it. In turn, the continued rise of ereaders will make the relative lack of placement in bookstores for those titles almost irrelevant. Fiction is undergoing the classic disruption story; it’s not dying at all.

This disruption will accelerate in 2025. There’s even an opportunity to do for long-form fiction what Substack did for newsletters, and I’d bet that someone will take it. Even without such a platform, the Kindle Direct Publishing program and services like IngramSpark (together with sales support from the likes of BookBub etc) will allow the market to continue to grow.

Unions movements will continue to grow, particularly for knowledge workers. Whether they’ll win is up in the air.

The labor movement continues to gain strength, and unions have historically high support, although actual union membership remains incredibly low. The first trend is likely to continue, particularly as AI continues to threaten the livelihoods of knowledge workers, and as the Trump administration emboldens employers to roll back benefits and DEI initiatives: they will attempt to unionize in greater numbers, with more ferocity, and more interruptions to work while they negotiate for stronger protections.

Will they win? I don’t know. Union contract negotiations can take years, so it’s hard to say what the outcome will be. If they do win, the outcome will be higher wages, stronger benefits, and better working conditions for employees. (That’s what unions do.) But historically, knowledge worker unions have had a hard time convincing colleagues to sign up; see the Alphabet Workers Union, whose membership is a tiny fraction of Alphabet’s total employment base.

What did I miss? What did I get wrong?

Those are some of my predictions for 2025. What are yours? Where do you disagree? I’d love to hear from you.

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Stuff I loved in 2024

Some of my favorite things from 2024.

For many of us, myself included, it’s been .. a year. Rather than rehash all of that again, I thought I’d mark the end of the year by just listing some things I’ve loved. Here you go.

Books

Julia, by Sandra Newman

Not just a retelling but a complete recasting of 1984. It's helpful to consider this as a separate work: a response to 1984, in a way, rather than a layering on top or a direct sequel. It's a criticism, an extension, a modernization, and a deep appreciation for the ideas all in one - and I was hooked. There's so much I want to write about here, but I don't want to spoil it. The ending, in particular, is perfect.

It Lasts Forever and Then It's Over, by Anne de Marcken

Breathtaking from start to finish. A zombie novel as carrier for something deeper, so true and so sad. I read it alone in the dark, and thought to myself, thank god, something is real.

Infinite Detail, by Tim Maughan

A book about what happens when the Internet goes away, yes, but there’s something much more than that: the exploration of humanity as content between advertising, the questions about what happens next post-revolution, the overlapping mysticism and open-source pragmatism, the breathing, beating characters, the class politics woven throughout.

Moonbound, by Robin Sloan

An adventure story that didn't quite sit in any of the categories I had for it in my head, and which frequently made me laugh out loud with its tiny details. It sits somewhere between science fiction, fantasy, satire, and a meditation on the role of stories, wrapped up in a whimsical, breezy narrative that was always a joy. I'd hoped it was leading to a more momentous ending than the one that eventually landed, but that's only because the constituent pieces were so satisfying to explore through.

TV

Only Murders in the Building

While cozy mysteries have been a mainstay of British TV for decades, American television has generally veered towards procedural stories that serve as propaganda pieces for law enforcement, complete with weak network television writing and story-of-the-week production values. There hasn’t been, as far as I’m aware, a really good cozy series since Murder, She Wrote — but Only Murders fits the bill. It’s as funny as anything Steve Martin and Martin Short have ever done, but also completely unthreatening: a lovely way to spend an evening.

Slow Horses

This ongoing tale of dysfunctional MI5 agents could have been rotten: for example, if it had intentionally glorified the security services of played into tired Cold War tropes. It doesn’t and it isn’t; frequently the worst offender in its seasons is the machinations of the government itself, and its characters are nothing like the spy tropes we’re used to. Most of all, it’s great fun, and pretty one of the best things to have come out of any streaming service.

Doctor Who

Look, obviously. I’m well-documented as a lifelong Whovian. But this year’s offerings were fresher than usual, if pitched down to a younger audience than the series had been aiming for recently. The two-parter finale was a ridiculous take on an almost 50-year-old story, but episodes like Boom (an anticapitalist tale about the arms trade), Dot and Bubble (which could have been one of the best Black Mirror episodes), and 73 Yards (a kind of time travel ghost story) were some of the best the show has ever delivered. It’s still the best TV show of all time, so there.

The Tourist

New to me this year, this had the right combination of tension and wry irony to keep me watching. I’ve been a fan of Jamie Dornan since The Fall, but Danielle Macdonald is an equal standout: some beautiful acting that makes a ridiculous premise seem real. The second season isn’t quite as good at the first, but only because some of the mystery has understandably been lost.

Articles and Blog Posts

We Need To Rewild The Internet, by Maria Farrell and Robin Berjon

‌ Rewilding the internet is more than a metaphor. It’s a framework and plan. It gives us fresh eyes for the wicked problem of extraction and control, and new means and allies to fix it. It recognizes that ending internet monopolies isn’t just an intellectual problem. It’s an emotional one. It answers questions like: How do we keep going when the monopolies have more money and power? How do we act collectively when they suborn our community spaces, funding and networks? And how do we communicate to our allies what fixing it will look and feel like?

An important — and detailed — call to action about the future of the internet. In lots of ways it should set the tone for how we build on the internet in 2025.

On Being Human and “Creative”, by Heather Bryant

‌What generative AI creates is not any one person's creative expression. Generative AI is only possible because of the work that has been taken from others. It simply would not exist without the millions of data points that the models are based upon. Those data points were taken without permission, consent, compensation or even notification because the logistics of doing so would have made it logistically improbable and financially impossible.

A wonderful piece from Heather Bryant that explores the humanity — the effort, the emotion, the lived experience, the community, the unique combination of things — behind real-world art that is created by people, and the theft of those things that generative AI represents.

Inside Medium’s decade-long journey to find its own identity, by Ryan Broderick

‌Replacing Williams was Tony Stubblebine, who may have seemed a little random to anyone scanning the headlines at the time. At that point he was running Coach.me, a personal life coaching platform, and heading up Better Humans, a Medium partner publication dedicated to personal development. But his roots in Twitter and, thus, in Medium, go all the way to, well, before the beginning. In the mid-2000s, he was the director of engineering at Odeo, the podcasting startup that would become the launching ground for Twitter.

Tony has turned Medium around, which has been lovely to see. I have emotional but not financial skin in this game: I enjoyed my time working at Medium eight years ago, I’ve known Tony for going on 20 years, and I’m similarly a fan of Ev. But I also just think the more places there are for considered voices to find their community, the better, and Medium has an important take on how to do it well. This piece was a good introduction to all of it.

Why we invented a new metric for measuring readership, by Alexandra Smith

We used to measure our journalism’s reach and impact with website views, visitors, and engaged time—the methods many of our funders insisted on. But even when we included stats about our social media engagement, newsletter subscribers, and member community, our audience data reports still didn’t accurately reflect the ways we were serving people with our journalism.

In this piece, Alexandra introduced a way of measuring reach and impact for journalism that took into account the fact that audiences don’t encounter it in one place — that the internet is, in fact, fractured, and journalism often takes different forms to meet its readers where they’re at. That’s light years ahead of how most newsrooms have been thinking. This piece has shaped the conversation since it was released. It’s also thought-provoking for indieweb stalwarts like me: for lots of reasons, I think the website shouldbe the center of the universe for journalism, and ultimately you measure what matters. This approach doesn’t downplay the website but does say: what matters is the connection you make with other humans, wherever it happens.

Software

Todoist

I’m late to this party, but what an actual joy to find a todo list utility that actually works the way my brain does. The hotkeys allow me to add a task to the list whenever I need to — often mid-conversation — and then let me order them by time so I can figure out what to do next. And it’s everywhere I need it to be. No notes or complaints.

Surf

Flipboard’s new “browser for the social web” is ace: an app that wouldn’t have been possible with proprietary social media. Users create playlists of sources — which is to say, people and publishers, irrespective of where they happen to be publishing. You can then peruse new content by people on those playlists and filter them by links, video, other media, and so on. Not only is the signal to noise ratio far higher, but it’s far less exhausting than other social media apps. It’s now the only social app I’ll allow on my phone.

HTML and CSS

They’re still pretty great, and getting better and better! Did you know CSS has nesting now? I’ve been enjoying using it.

The Fediverse

The single most important improvement to the web in decades. Hooray!

Hardware

Kobo Libra Colour

Honestly, this ebook reader has changed my life. The color screen (canonically a colour screen, but I’ve been in the States for long enough that I feel compelled to discard the “u”) doesn’t matter to me all that much, but it’s responsive, has really great clarity, is light enough to read one-handed, and, most importantly of all, allows a parent of a co-sleeping toddler to read in bed without waking up his child. That last one is a gamechanger. Also, it works with library books and isn’t Amazon-bound, which were both important to me.

CalDigit TS4

I’d never really needed a docking station until this year. This thing’s got a bunch of ports, a huge amount of throughput, memory card support, 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet, and sits on my desk in perfect silence. I flip between my work laptop and my personal computers really easily. It’s perfect. Now all I need to add is a USB-C KVM switch and I’ll be able to switch between personal and work machines with one button.

Other

Amtrak Metropolitan Lounges

These days I travel between Philadelphia and New York City very regularly. Amtrak’s generously rewards points system means that I quickly built up enough status to gain access to its station lounges. They’re not spectacularly fancy but do come with comfortable seating and free coffee, and for that alone they’ve been a big upgrade for my commutes. A shoutout also needs to go to the Moynihan Train Hall at Penn Station, which improves the experience of spending time at Penn from being locked in the Backrooms to something you might actually choose to look forward to.

The Guardian

The only news publication I let send notifications to my phone (aside from the one I work for). The Guardian’s breaking news journalism is reliably good, and it has specialized feeds to subscribe to particular topics — not just for high-level topics like Business, but for example, specific news for the Middle East conflict or the war in Ukraine. I also appreciate The Guardian’s responsible, reader-centric approach to funding: despite being paywall-free, readers account for over half of its budget.

Ms. Moni

We’re reluctantly on the YouTube train with our toddler. There are a bunch of performers who are trying very hard to find audiences in the wake of the success of the likes of Ms. Rachel (who is great) and Blippi (who is like nails on a chalkboard to me, although his stablemate Meekah is a lot better). By far my favorite of the genre is Monica Ferreira: an Australian teacher and professional musician who started recording YouTube videos after experiencing chronic pain. She edits, composes, and builds the graphics for her videos herself, with high production values and no junk content. It’s been a breath of fresh air, and honestly, a relief.

What about you?

What were your favorite things from 2024? Let me know what I missed.

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Creating a framework for living well

The author on the Sonoma coast

As part of a coaching exercise, I’ve been trying to describe what I want my life to look like. The idea is that if I’m armed a better understanding of what I’m aiming for, I’ll be able to make more informed decisions that more intentionally lead me towards my goals for my life. So far, so simple. But in practice, I’ve found it impossibly difficult: a giant question that it feels impossible to even find the right scope and parameters for, let alone answer. What do I want my life to look like? How do I want to live?

If you stare at this question for long enough, you begin to feel like you’re being asked to define the meaning of life itself. Insane. You can’t. It’s the kind of question that is easy to be flippant about but otherwise feels impossible to approach. For now, I think we can say this: all of us create our own meaning and get to decide what’s important to us. In turn, that can inform the details and decisions of our day-to-day.

Living goals are a superset of work goals, which people often talk about. I’ve written many times that my professional goal is to work on projects that have the potential to help make the world more equal and informed. But why? How does that fit into my larger, human goals?

It’s hard to talk about what I think my life should look like without talking about the context — and the country — it sits in. That means talking about America, and the framing constraints it provides to everyone who lives in it.

And to be clear, for many people, America is constraining. The country is so steeped in an exploitative culture of work that there are is no statutory minimum number of vacation days and the national minimum wage is set below a level where anyone can reasonably live. The health insurance system is predatory, and your healthcare is typically connected to your employer, making it hard to change jobs or go out on your own. Unless you’re in a handful of cities, which themselves are expensive to live in, you need to own a car to get just about anywhere. Union membership is de minimus, leading to an imbalance towards corporations and the wealthy. Homeless people have very few avenues for help. The police all carry guns, and disproportionately use them on Black people. And on top of it all, the recent resurgence of rhetoric reminiscent of the 1930s, including stadiums of people carrying placards that read “mass deportations now,” is deeply troubling. I’ve started to wonder if Americans talk about freedom so much because most of them don’t have very much of it: to many people it’s the freedom to buy and say more or less what they want, but not the freedom to define the parameters of their lives or their work.

And at the same time, for the well-off and privileged, the experience of living in America can be freeing. The benefits at the slickest San Francisco tech companies I worked at were effectively equivalent to the minimum standards that every European gets by law, but there were far better parental leave policies for non-birthing parents and a culture of free food, drink, and other services in the office. My partner works for Google and their health insurance is almost as good as universal healthcare. There’s a sense of optimism and “you can do it”; there’s abundant capital and support for founders trying something new. If you’re in the in-crowd, there’s support.

I moved to the US from Edinburgh almost fourteen years ago. It as a no-brainer, but not because I wanted to live in America: my mother was terminally ill and I wanted to be close to her, and she’d moved to California a decade prior. The move completely blew up my life in ways that were sometimes very painful, but the core decision to be closer is not one I’ve ever regretted. While her life was thankfully extended by a double lung transplant that meant we got to have many more years with her, living with a transplant is hard: the remainder of her life was a medical rollercoaster that I’m glad I was there to help with.

But in the meantime, Brexit happened: Britain’s referendum to leave the European Union. I grew up in Britain but had lived there as part of the European Union. When its EU membership was revoked, I lost the legal right to live there. My relationship to the US transformed from it being a place that I was visiting temporarily to a place I was involuntarily stuck in.

There was a lot I appreciated about living in Europe. While a lot of ink has been spilled about universal healthcare, few talk about how freeing it is to not be afraid of seeing a doctor because you know you’ll never get a bill. There’s frequent, inexpensive, integrated transit everywhere. Cities and towns are built as mixed-use communities, which means you can easily walk to all your local services and stores. There are very few guns. Far fewer people own cars because they don’t need to. The quality of life of an average person — which is not just a subjective opinion but has been measured again and again — is higher. As a British resident, I was entitled to thirty-six vacation days a year (seven weeks!) as a legal minimum.

It feels like life in America is subject to layers of permission. You can go buy food — if you have a car. You can go to the doctor — if you have adequate health insurance. You can live a reasonable life — if you don’t fall through the cracks. You can go to college — if you’re willing to take on many tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Until very recently, you even needed to hire a third-party service (or firm) to file your taxes.

To be honest, I’ve often seen my life in America as being reactive rather than proactive: I moved here in reaction to a health emergency and remain here because of a referendum that was out of my control. I’ve often felt that I don’t have autonomy, and building community has often been harder than I would have liked because of the individualistic nature of American society and the chaos of my own life.

In Europe, life is more free-range. If you need to buy food, you can walk to the store and pick some up. You can just go to the doctor. Higher education is much more affordable and grade school education is of a much higher standard. More benefits lead to more freedom, because those things are simply taken care of: you don’t have to worry about paying for them at the point of use. Although the tax burden is a little higher, you also end up paying less out of pocket in total.

Europe is also much, much safer — particularly if you’re a child. (These days I’m understandably very focused on keeping my child safe.) Between 2009 and 2018, Western Europe had fewer than ten school shootings; the United States had 288, representing 86% of the world’s total of shootings. It’s not just about the terrifying prevalence of guns: children are also three times more likely to die on the road in the US.

At the same time, I’ve come to realize that Europe is more restrictive in other ways. It’s unquestionably more racist and less diverse, for example, in part because it refuses to actually examine its culpability in racism and, in particular, the slave trade. (Ask a European about racism and they’re quite likely to reply, “we don’t have those problems here.” Yes, you do.) A healthy community, and a healthy society, must be intentionally inclusive and equitable. You can’t get there by sticking your head in the sand.

There’s also a comparative lack of funding and support for people who are trying to build something new, even if the comparatively higher level of public benefits means that bootstrapping is easier. It’s also worth calling out that since I left, those benefits have been eroded, often by conservative politicians who want to wipe public benefits in favor of so-called private efficiency. It’s nothing less than theft, but it’s an emerging reality that diminishes Europe’s attractiveness.

Traversing these two worlds has directly informed how I think about what living well means. Sometimes I’ve been too cynical about the possibilities here in the US; if I’m honest with myself, I sometimes railed against the constraints when I lived in Europe. I think I need to open my mind, regardless of my location.

I recently visited a friend who lives in a community intentionally built as a platform for environmental and social change. I’d visited plenty of intentional communities back when I lived in San Francisco, and I’d always found them superficial: places that were more oriented around performing communal living than practicing the practical reality of it.

In stark contrast, my friend’s community blew my mind open: it was the kind of place I would never have allowed myself to imagine existing in the US.

I’m going to withhold detail to safeguard their privacy, but every aspect of it felt concretely-anchored to real, genuine progress towards change while centering the joy of being a human in community. The single phrase that came to mind was that the residents were free-range: they were free to spend time with each other on a whim, as needed, without need for appointment or permission. They could simply walk to get the everyday resources they needed, including to plug into their community and commune as people. This was true for the adults, but most notably and importantly for me, it was true for the children, too. It was common there for parents to not know where their children were — but they knew they were safe.

My conceptual frame for the kinds of lifestyles that are possible in America has been permanently widened — and consequently, I have more hope that I can live a good life here. Most importantly, it gave me the vocabulary I needed in order to describe the kind of life I want to have.

So now I can say this: I want my life — and the lives of my family — to be free-range, in open community, emotionally safe, and creatively unconstrained.

Free-range

A lifestyle where physical, emotional, and logistical constraints are minimized, allowing for organic interactions and movement. Or to put it another way, a life where you need to ask permission as little as possible: an independent, creative way of being where you’re not tethered to unnecessary constraints.

For example:

  • You can walk or bike to essential services.
  • Children can free play both at home and in the surrounding community without worry.
  • You can spontaneously visit people, take trips, or go on adventures without the predominant need to extensively plan or make appointments.
  • You have time and space to create and work on personal projects that aren’t scheduled and aren’t necessarily tethered to the need to make money.
  • You have the safety to know that if you don’t have salaried work for a little while, you’ll still be protected, and you’ll still have healthcare.

Counter-examples of things that are emphatically not free-range:

  • Scheduling my child so that their time outside of school is highly structured and they don’t have time or space to be creative on their own terms (or be bored, which I think is really important as a spark for creative thinking in its own right).
  • Structuring and scheduling your own time so you don’t have optionality.
  • Car-centric living.
  • Gated communities and HOAs.
  • An expectation that you should do what is popular or pre-ordained by the outside mainstream as “the right way to live”.

In open community

Living in an inclusive space where relationships are intentional, resources are shared, and collaboration is encouraged.

For example:

  • Neighbors borrow tools, share meals, and trade skills to reduce waste and strengthen relationships.
  • Open doors and welcoming spaces where it’s normal to drop by for a chat or lend a hand without the need for formality or pre-planning.
  • A community that helps each other during collective challenges, from childcare to caregiving to problem-solving.
  • There are adequate communal resources like parks, libraries, and community meeting spaces. (Even pubs, in the traditional English sense, where they’re a sort of communal living room.)
  • There’s a sense that no matter how adverse the outside world is, you have allies who also see it for what it is and are here for you no matter what.
  • You have the space and time to care for people — parents, children, other people in your community who need it.

Counter-examples:

  • Isolated living, where neighbors barely know one another or engage in meaningful connection.
  • “Rugged individualism,” where everyone is expected to fend for themselves as a virtue.
  • A culture of competition rather than collaboration.
  • Who children can play with is closely guarded. Sleepovers are not allowed.
  • You don’t have the time and space to be a caregiver because you need to be at work all the time.

Emotionally safe

Living in an inclusive environment where vulnerability is met with care and understanding, and where people feel supported to be their authentic selves. Emotional intimacy and intellectual openness are highly valued.

For example:

  • People are comfortable expressing their emotions, thoughts, and opinions without fear of judgment or ridicule. This is particularly important within partnerships and families, but it’s important across communities.
  • A culture that embraces diversity, respects boundaries, and fosters a sense of belonging for everyone, regardless of background or identity. People feel comfortable and safe to be themselves.
  • Disagreements are addressed constructively, with empathy and a focus on understanding rather than blame.
  • The community is supportive of trying new things and of failure, and help pick you up and dust you off to try again.
  • Physical safety: there’s no threat of violence.

Counter-examples:

  • Demanding perfection and punishing failure.
  • A culture where people feel they must suppress their feelings to “keep the peace.”
  • A culture with an in-crowd and an out-crowd: for example, an environment where one religion is accepted and others are frowned upon, or where the “traditional” family is venerated. Xenophobia, racism, homophobia, and transphobia all fall into this category.
  • A world where being different to an accepted mainstream is frowned upon, with aggressions that range from micro to macro. People might sneer about preferred pronouns, for example, or make “I identify as …” jokes. Or they might blacklist you.

Creatively unconstrained

Having the time, resources, and mental space to pursue creative interests and projects without undue outside pressure. At work, having the autonomy to make decisions and follow your expertise, instincts, and values with minimal interference.

For example:

  • Days with enough unstructured time to dream, experiment, or follow your curiosity without interruption — and both the implicit permission to do so and the common understanding that it’s not a waste of time.
  • Friends, family, and communities that celebrate creativity for its own sake, regardless of output or success.
  • The respect and autonomy to create a strategy and execute on it at work.
  • The ability to center your values and perspective in your work.
  • Prioritizing wellness and balance so your mental energy isn’t consumed by stress or logistical chaos.
  • Engaging in hobbies or projects without worrying about monetizing them. For example, painting for relaxation, writing purely for self-expression, or tinkering for joy.
  • Dedicated physical space to work on your projects, either alone or in collaboration with others.

Counter-examples:

  • A lifestyle so busy with work or obligations that there’s no mental or physical bandwidth for creativity.
  • Feeling like every creative effort must result in a product or service that generates income, or where they are dismissed as unproductive unless they have a tangible outcome.
  • Avoiding creative work due to self-criticism or the societal pressure to succeed.
  • Being micro-managed or edited, at work or in life.
  • Being forced to work on things that are in opposition to your values.

Okay, but why these pillars in particular?

Really it’s a framing device: each one speaks to a need for time, space, relationships of care and trust, and self-direction. They pick and choose the best bits of living in my various contexts — living in Europe and America, being a startup founder, a parent, a carer — and tie them together into principles for a life that feels nurturing.

  • Free-range ties to autonomy and the joy of unstructured living.
  • In open community reflects a human need for connection and mutual support, without restrictions based on identity.
  • Emotionally safe speaks to belonging and trust.
  • Creatively unconstrained emphasizes self-expression and personal growth.

The theme of inclusivity sits across many of these. It’s important to me because of my need for community and for emotional safety: I want my friends and families to be included, regardless of their backgrounds and identities, and I want to feel safe myself, as a person with a complicated personal context and a non-standard identity.

It’s also worth calling out what’s not here: wealth, or power, or influence. Those aren’t important to me unless they’re a way to get to these pillars.

My values are simply that everyone should be able to live this sort of life, regardless of who they are or where in the world they live. Everyone deserves autonomy, connection, support, safety, and the freedom to be themselves and express themselves openly. It’s not just that I want this for me, although clearly I do: I want to work towards this being an open, shared set of living principles that are available to all.

I’ve thought a lot about helping the world get there — remember, I want to work on projects with the potential to make the world more informed and equal. But the path to helping me get there is a little different. It involves carefully choosing the projects I work on, the team cultures I take part in, how I make money, how I present myself to the world, and the people and communities I associate with.

This framework will evolve with time and feedback, shaped by new experiences and perspectives. But for now, it offers a compass — one that points toward a life that feels authentic, nurturing, and achievable.

Let’s go.

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The Werd I/O Holiday Gift Guide

Hey, it's some gifts!

I’ve never done a holiday gift guide in any of my spaces before, but this year I was inspired by Kottke and a few other bloggers to create my own. As I write this, it’s literally December 13th; you’ve probably bought most of your gifts already. Still, these are out there, and everything I’ve listed should ship in time for December 25th (again, at the time of writing).

This is stuff I love that your loved ones might love too. (Say that three times fast.)

1. Let’s start here: if your loved ones are as worried about the upcoming year as I am, it may help to support real journalism that will genuinely speak truth to power. Consider ProPublica, The 19th, The Markup, Grist, Reveal at the Center for Investigative Reporting in addition to names you probably already think of like your local NPR station. And then consider which non-profits might support vital services that could be under attack over the next four years, like reproductive health, equitable criminal justice, and medical services for vulnerable populations.

2. I started making personalized calendars for my mother when my parents moved back to California and I was still in the UK as a way of sharing photos of things she’d missed. It became a holiday tradition. We unfortunately said goodbye to her three years ago, but I still make the calendars, which these days feature my son, and recipients seem to really love them. Over the years, I’ve found that Shutterfly gives me the best results.

3. A colleague turned me on to Sugimoto Tea this year and I’m a convert. I’m particularly a fan of the sencha and the hojicha, but I tried a few varieties and they’re all great. Sugimoto sells fresh, farm-direct loose leaf tea, grown in Japan, at reasonable prices. I have a few cups a day at least.

4. Julia by Sandra Newman was one of the best books I read this year: a novel that doesn’t just add a new dimension to George Orwell’s classic 1984 but reframes it entirely, deepening it in the process. That doesn’t sound like a possible task, but here this novel is, making it look effortless.

5. Curious Reading Club sends hand-picked non-fiction to your door every month and then backs it up with intimate Zoom calls with authors and experts. It’s all beautifully chosen and you get pristine hardback editions. In truth, I haven’t always made it to the calls, but I’ve loved the selections. This month’s was Kyle Chayka’s Filterworld, about the effect of algorithms on culture.

6. Is your loved one more of an audiobook person? You can’t go wrong with a Libro.fm subscription. The service works as well as other audiobook services you can think of, but proceeds support local bookstores. With my subscription, I choose to support Harriett’s Bookshop, named after Harriett Tubman, which celebrates women authors, artists, and activists. Honestly, I’ve stopped listening to podcasts and burn through my monthly audiobook credits instead. It’s great.

7. Daily-use kitchen gadgets that are also great: the Zojiruchi Neuro Fuzzy Rice Cooker, the 8-cup Bodum French press, the one-cup Aeropress coffee maker, the Thermapen ONE digital thermometer. And, okay, this was an extravagance, but this year I bought Peugeot pepper and salt mills, and it’s hard to describe how much better they are than any other mill I’ve ever used. Peugeot made mills before they made carsand their expertise really shows.

8. The Tuneshine is a fun addition to my bookshelf. It connects to your wifi and your music services, and displays the album cover of whatever you’re listening to as you stream. It’s quite lovely.

9. Creative Action Network’s See America posters are lovely. Each one is by a different independent artist, and proceeds help support Earthjustice. I have framed posters for Yosemite, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Cape Cod National Seashore hanging in my entryway. Creative Action Network has a few other poster campaigns; I particularly like What Makes America Great (hint: it’s immigration) and Recovering the Classics.

10. Some of our favorite tableware is by Heath Ceramics. Pass the Plate sells them secondhand at a more affordable price.

11. Another book! Infinite Detail by Tim Maughan was published a few years ago but was new to me this year. It’s about what happens when the Internet goes away, and also something much more than that: the exploration of humanity as content between advertising, the questions about what happens next post-revolution, the overlapping mysticism and open-source pragmatism, the breathing, beating characters, the class politics woven throughout. I loved every glowing, gripping word. It may have been written pre-pandemic, but it’s got a lot to say about our current moment.

12. Uncle Goose alphabet blocks are the best blocks. Like, absurdly nice. These are luxury children’s blocks. Our little one loves them. We love them. Love all round.

13. Speaking of absurdly nice kids’ toys, our little one was gifted this Montessori Wooden Switch Boardand he’s obsessed with it. Turning on each light is a challenge: different switches, dials, a key, and a wire connector. The only trick is to go back and turn all the lights off again once he’s done with it.

14. We have an Ooni pizza oven and love it a lot. Ours is a gas-fired Koda 12, but friends have mentioned that they love their various models. Making your own pizza this way is a lot of fun, and we usually turn it into a family activity: everyone gets to choose their own toppings. (The thermometer accessory is a must.)

15. If I could wave a magic wand, I’d bring back the Electric Company Magazine my parents subscribed me to (shipping it all the way to the UK!). Failing that, Highlights is pretty cool; we’ve been getting Helloand will upgrade to High Five. Similarly, I was delighted to see that the publishers of Cricket are still going, and publish a range of magazines for different ages.

16. The Kobo Libra Colour has been a game-changer for me: I can read books in bed once our little one goes to sleep. Book lights were all taken as toys; I am tethered to the bedroom for a good portion of every night. So this was a liberating device. The screen is beautiful, the refresh rate is just right, and it’s pleasant to hold in my hand. It also gets frequent active updates and supports borrowing ebooks from the library.

17. Maybe consider giving your loved ones a 1Password family plan and Mozilla VPN? Privacy and security are good things to have.

18. Haymarket Books publishes radical books on a series of progressive topics. It’s a great company. And it has a book club! Subscribers receive every new book published during the duration of the club, and there are both ebook and print options. Take a look at the author list and you’ll get a good sense of what’s in store.

19. My office is full of Yoko OK prints, and you might find that your loved ones appreciate these lively works of art too (also: don’t overlook the zines). Many of them have a San Francisco theme.

20. Despite what you may have heard, it’s still a good idea to mask up in public places. If your loved ones struggle with wearing masks comfortably, the FLO Mask is likely to help: it’s by far the most comfortable mask I’ve ever used. I have the Pro. This is a particularly great gift if you have a loved one who is immunocompromised, or if you care about immunocompromised people anywhere.

21. AirPods Pro were always pretty great — there’s very little that compares — but the clinical-grade hearing aid capability is a big deal. Hearing aids cost thousands and getting them tuned is a pain. Something that approaches that utility that can be tuned on an app and costs an order of magnitude less is a game-changer. Just don’t drop the case on the ground.

What else am I missing? Do you have recommendations? I’d love to read them.

Buying from some of these links may result in a small affiliate fee that helps pay for my web hosting. Hey, we all live under capitalism. Also, it’s really just the book links.

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The open social web is the future of the internet. Here's why I'm excited.

A decentralized network

The open social web puts control back in your hands. Unlike big social media platforms, it’s not run by a single company — it’s made up of independent, connected communities where you decide how and with whom you interact. It respects your privacy, avoids intrusive ads, and gives you the freedom to truly own your online experience. It’s like the internet used to be: open, personal, and community-focused.

How to get started

There are two main emergent social networks on the open social web:

The Fediverse is a co-operative of small communities that all interoperate as one large, cohesive social network. Each community has its own interface, moderation policy, and rules, but anyone on one community can seamlessly follow and share with anyone on any of the other communities. It’s more decentralized, which means that the user experience is a little different to what you’re probably used to.

The most common Fediverse platform is Mastodon (although Threads is also rapidly joining the network) and the easiest place to get started is by joining mastodon.social.

Bluesky is a social network built on an open social web protocol but largely controlled by one company, Bluesky Social. It’s less decentralized than the Fediverse, but some find it easier to use.

It is very reminiscent of early Twitter, with some added innovations designed to help people build up a network of interesting people to follow quickly, build their own bespoke social media algorithms, and block people they don’t want to interact with. The result is a very vibrant, contiguous community that’s growing very quickly.

The easiest place to get started is by signing up on the Bluesky website.

For writers, artists, journalists, and publishers

In a world where platforms like X have devalued outgoing links and often skewed their algorithms towards particular points of view, the open social web is a breath of fresh air. Links are celebrated, not suppressed, which means journalists can promote their work. open social web platforms default to just showing you the posts and reshares by people you subscribe to in reverse-chronological order, rather than skewing your feed.

Because no single company owns the open social web, it’s not subject to the whims of an owner. There’s no single platform that can be sold to Elon Musk or rapidly pivot in order to try and increase its total market capitalization. It simply exists to allow people to follow and share with each other.

This has attracted some of the most engaged people on the internet. Users on the open social web are more likely to share your work, read it deeply, and donate to support you.

For developers and researchers

Because the open social web has no owner and isn’t proprietary, you don’t need to ask for anyone’s permission to build on top of it. You can build any kind of social tool on top of its open protocols, and nobody can stop you, or charge you for the privilege. This also means that journalists and researchers can examine social networking data to their heart’s content, for example to study trends and dynamics between communities.

Anyone can build an app. There are already dozens of mobile apps for each open social web platform, for example, as well as tools like Sill that allow you to gain insights from the network in new ways.

For startups and entrepreneurs

A long-standing issue with building new social apps and services is the cold start problem: until people join in large numbers, there’s nobody to talk to.

If you build a social app on the open social web, you can connect directly with the existing network. There will instantly be millions upon millions of people for your users to connect with — and, in turn, those people can more easily learn about your app or service. The open social web improves the experience of your early users and reduces the friction to acquiring new ones, while giving you full freedom to innovate and build new features.

For nonprofits and activists

Open social web users are engaged and typically care about social causes. They’re more willing to donate than on platforms like X, and there’s no algorithmic bias to suppress links or prevent your message from reaching its audience.

For everyone

On the open social web, you aren’t locked into any platform. If the application you’re using doesn’t work out for whatever reason, you can just use another one. For example, Bluesky’s mission talks about enforcing the possibility of a “credible exit”: if they ever turn user-hostile or make bad decisions, users should always have the ability to take their profiles, conversations, and content somewhere else, with very little friction, at no cost, and without losing followers. Account migration is also a feature of Mastodon and inherent to the Fediverse.

This means that there’s very little cost to investing in a network. Unlike Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitter, where some people lost over a decade’s worth of posts and social connections, on the open social web you own it all, and it can come with you if you ever choose to leave.

It’s free to get started

The open social web offers an exciting opportunity to reclaim control over our online interactions.

Whether you’re a writer seeking an engaged audience, a developer building the next big innovation, or an entrepreneur overcoming the cold start problem, the open social web provides the tools and community to make it happen. By embracing these decentralized networks, we can shape an internet that works for everyone — one that prioritizes privacy, creativity, and authentic connections.

The time to join the open social web is now. Dive in, explore, and help build the future of the internet. No-one can stop you.

 

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My OKRs for 2025

2025

It’s December, somehow; the tail end of a stressful year, but also the precursor to another one that (and I’m sorry this isn’t the cheeriest prediction) somehow promises to be worse. Good times.

How do we propose to survive it?

Although I’m not a big resolutions guy, this year I think I need to set firm goals in order to get through it with intention. Sure, the primary goal (as always) is just to get through the year intact, but 2025 will also be foundational: a year where how we show up and manifest our presence sets the groundwork for everything that comes beyond. The world is changing, whether we like it or not: more Trump, more war, more division, more climate change. How we react to that, and how we choose to conduct our life, really matters.

Lists of New Year’s resolutions never really cut to the “why”: sure, you want to get fit, but where does that really get you? What’s your underlying purpose: the mission that will keep you on track? Why does any of it matter at all?

This is maybe the most LinkedIn idea ever, and maybe it’s because when you have a hammer everything looks like a nail, but I’ve found myself thinking that, rather than resolutions, 2025 needs OKRs.

Objectives and Key Results are a management tool that was originally created by Andy Grove at Intel, but is now used in almost every tech company in almost every scenario. Here, you set a handful of top-level objectives, and then list some time-limited, measurable results for each one that will indicate that you’re on your path to achieving them. In an era where it’s going to be important to stick to our values and make progress on our goals as human beings in the face of increasing adverse pressure, I think figuring out what we need to do in order to make progress is going to be a helpful tool.

Remembering that OKRs have mostly been a tool for work, here’s an example objective with key results from Asana:

‌Objective: Become the market leader in cloud-based project management software.

Key results:

  1. Increase market share from 15% to 30% by the end of the fiscal year.
  2. Achieve a Net Promoter Score of 60+ by the end of Q3.
  3. Launch three new product features per quarter based on user feedback and usage data.
  4. Increase the free-to-paid conversion rate from 5% to 15% by the end of Q4.

In a corporate setting, this is pretty straightforward. Each objective should tie into a strategy that brings you closer to the vision for the world that your team is trying to create, which in turn is in service of a mission that defines why you exist in the world. So if you’re setting OKRs for a quarter, the hope is that each one will get you a little bit closer to creating the world you’ve set out to make, in service of that mission. If they don’t, they’re bad OKRs.

Clearly, I don’t want to set these sorts of corporate goals for my personal life; the real psycho move would be to send a Net Promoter Score survey to your friends and family. But I do think there’s value in thinking about, periodically, what your mission is (what is the purpose of your life?), your vision (what is the world that you seek to create?), your strategy and your objectives. And then figuring out what your measurable key results are that you actually want to achieve.

Is this approach a little bit over the line into management psychosis? Definitely. Could it still be useful? I think probably.

My mission is to work on and support things that make the world more equal and informed, while living a life rooted in creativity, inclusiveness, openness, and spontaneity, in opposition to competitiveness, aggression, tribalism, and conformity.

My vision is an aligned life where I and the people around me can truly be themselves, follow their passions, and do so in an environment of fairness and freedom, in an integrated community that is well-supported with transit, education, welfare, culture, and an internationalist outlook.

With those stated, without further ado, here are my OKRs for 2025:

Pivot from being a developer who writes to a writer who develops.

I’ve always identified as a developer who writes, but writing was my first love. In 2025, I want to realign my identity to reflect my actual priorities. Technology pays the bills, but writing feeds my soul — in 2025, I want to prioritize what genuinely drives me. Andy Weir and Ted Chiang, two writers who have made this leap, are inspirations to me.

This goal is about fostering a life rooted in creativity, and being true to my values and motivations.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Spend an hour a day writing fiction.
  2. Publish four short stories in publications where my work has never previously appeared.
  3. Finish the current novel.
  4. Finish a subsequent novel.
  5. Limit blogging to no more than twice a week to preserve time and energy for other writing.
  6. Read a minimum of two fiction novels a month.

Be an available father who intentionally expands our son’s horizons.

We have the world’s most incredible two year old. (If you also have a two year old, please don’t fight me on this. You know we all think our children are the most amazing.) I was very lucky to have parents who intentionally expanded my horizons in terms of breaking me out of a templated life: we lived in different countries, saw different ways of living, knew people from all over the world, and didn’t conform for conformity’s sake. Particularly in an era that seems to invite parochialism and a very narrow view of the world, I want to manifest the same thing for our son. I want his world to be expansive, inclusive, and far away from restrictive norms: a global outlook that values all people.

This goal is about openness and a global perspective, and prioritizing the life and prospects of our son.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Take him to at least one continent he has never previously visited and make a firm plan to take him to another.
  2. Take him to a museum or cultural event at least once per month.
  3. Do not spend time on devices (phone or laptop) around him.
  4. Read to him every night and intentionally pick stories from different cultures.

Strengthen my relationships with my friends and family.

I miss my friends. I miss my family. We are only as strong as our communities. Until the pandemic, I was pretty good about keeping up with people, but the onset of COVID-19 turned me into more of a recluse. (Moving across the country didn’t help.) I also had what I now think of as a breakdown in the year after my mother’s death — after a ten-year terminal illness which was the reason for my move to the US in the first place — and I made some decisions that I deeply regret.

This goal, at its heart, is about fostering a strong community.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Make real apologies to family members I hurt or disappointed during the year after my mother’s death.
  2. Reconnect with at least five friends I’ve lost touch with by scheduling regular check-ins (calls, video chats, or in-person meetups).
  3. Plan at least two reunions with friends or extended family during the year.
  4. Meet up with at least one friend in person per month.
  5. Have one 1:1 meal or coffee with my dad every week.
  6. Continue working in couples therapy to build a relationship founded on mutual understanding and emotional intimacy.

Live longer.

Somewhere around 2016, I let a combination of malaise and depression overtake me. I gained weight, I got sleepy, and I became less fit. I used to walk everywhere, and I stopped.

If this continues, I will die earlier than I want to. I don’t want to die. I want to live — particularly as an older parent of a toddler. More than anything, this goal is about being present for our son.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Do one vigorous workout exercise per day, every day, except when sick or traveling.
  2. Run at least one 5K per week starting mid-year.
  3. Walk to all destinations if walking is an option in the time available, regardless of the weather.
  4. Make a meaningful positive diet change, for example by becoming pescatarian and cutting out all processed food.
  5. Eat out no more than once per month, except when traveling.
  6. Don’t eat fast food, except when it’s genuinely the only option (for example, on a road trip).

Build in more freedom.

It’s easy to get caught up in a trap of your own making. The need to make more money often leads to less available time and a focus on things other than what you wanted the money to be able to do in the first place. It’s better to be free and unconstrained than to be wealthy and living a cookie-cutter life.

Similarly, it’s better to be true to yourself and your values than to bite your tongue — particularly in this upcoming era.

This goal is fundamentally about non-conformity and being true to your values: two things that are really important to me.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Lower monthly living costs by at least 25%.
  2. Increase available daily free time by 2 hours.
  3. Do not mince words with regards to anti-fascism, internationalism, fairness, or other core values.
  4. Travel for personal reasons (including just for fun!) at least once a quarter.

Do meaningful work with the potential to make the world more equal and informed.

I want to work on projects — whether by building or supporting them — that have the potential to make the world more equal and informed. I’ve found a home doing that in service of meaningful journalism that helps to strengthen democracy.

In order for this work to be meaningful to me, it has to have a strong, aligned mission, but I also need to do it with autonomy, trust, and the ability to set strategy and standards. I want to call the shots for my own work.

Key results for 2025:

  1. Ship a product with the potential to make the world more informed and equal, leveraging a technology strategy that reflects my mission, which I have defined and implemented.
  2. Advise and support two projects aligned with this mission, ensuring they make meaningful progress and ship to their intended audiences.
  3. Define and implement at least two core technology policies at my employer.
  4. Open source at least two core technology policies for any organization to use and build on.

These OKRs are my guide for 2025: a year where I want to live more intentionally, aligned with my values, and present for the things that truly matter. They’re not about perfection but about progress and purpose.

They’re also not set in stone: things happen. Life changes. They’re intended to be a North Star that guides me rather than a scaffold that constrains me. If I need to adjust them, I will. But I think it’s more useful to have these goals in mind than none at all.

These are mine. How about you? If you’re inclined to write your own OKRs for 2025, I’d love to read them.

 

Photo by Moritz Knöringer on Unsplash

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Thanksgiving is about belonging

Fall pumpkins

I think Thanksgiving is mostly about belonging.

I was raised in a culture other than that of either of my parents or my nationality: what they call a Third Culture Kid. With that sort of profile, belonging is hard to come by. As a child, I sounded British but wasn’t; I didn’t get the overt cultural references and didn’t share the unspoken common understandings that mark someone out as being from the same tribe. I was indelibly other, and felt it, and knew it.

I’m thankful for my family for providing that sense of belonging: a space in my life that felt safe and was rich with those shared understandings. In the same way that some people are proud of the region they’re from or their religion or some other demarcation of sameness, I’m endlessly proud of my mother, my father, my sister, who each of them were and are as people, and who we all have been together. It’s not perfect or spotless — I’ve sometimes disappointed them in all sorts of ways, both small and catastrophic — but it’s ours. I’m lucky. Not everyone has that sense of belonging; that safety. A feeling of home, not from a place or things or nationality, but from people.

I used to throw Thanksgiving dinners when I lived in Edinburgh. I think people were grateful for the meal, if a bit nonplussed about why I was holding such a big dinner party on a Thursday. I found a sense of temporary community there, over homemade tortillas sprawled over the kitchen table of our top-floor tenement flat, but never quite belonging.

In my life, I’ve rarely been able to recreate that sense of belonging outside of our unit, and my aunts, uncles, and cousins. I’ve learned that I mostly find a shared sense of belonging with people who also share some degree of outsiderness, whose identities don’t quite fit into cookie-cutter homogeneity.

These days, of course, I have a new belonging: to a tiny child for whom I’m safety, who curls up into my arms and sleeps, who I put food on the table for, and who comes to me for kisses when he’s hurt or feeling sad. I see my new role as extending my family forward, and helping to give him all the warmth, safety, and, yes, non-conformity I got from mine.

Thanksgiving, then, for me, is about families, whether born or adoptive or found, and gratitude for the people who create safety and warmth. I’m thankful for mine: the one I’m linked to by blood, and the people who I’ve been lucky enough to call home, some of whom are overlapping.

This Thanksgiving I’m also thankful for the people who create that sense of belonging in the world: who seek to create bonds and build community, to try and forge belonging for everyone, rather than withdraw and isolate.

I’m thankful for the people who have to work so hard just to be themselves, to fight for their own identities, and for the people who see them as they are, not through the lens of outdated societal norms or inherited expectations. I’m thankful for people who want to include, and see inclusivity as a guiding value, not as a pejorative.

I’m thankful for the people who see suffering in places like Gaza and think, how can everyone belong and be safe, and not, these people had it coming, or this has nothing to do with me. I’m thankful for the people who see war and want it to end, not silently, but with their voices, on the streets.

I’m thankful for people who see the suffering of working people and choose to stand up for their rights and their well-being; for unions, for higher minimum wages, for protections, for laws and movements that give everybody a voice and a good life. I’m thankful for people who think, how can we improve and build a good life for everybody?

I’m thankful for the people who see every religion (and no religion) equally, and who push to ensure everybody has an equitable place.

I’m thankful for the people who see generational inequalities and want to right them, to halt cycles of harm so that future generations do not have to endure them.

I’m thankful for the people who see and act as if the world is one connected place, where every single person matters, regardless of where they are, what their background is, who they worship, or what their political leaders believe.

This Thanksgiving, I hold gratitude not only for my family and the belonging they’ve given me but also for those who strive to build a world where everyone can feel at home.

Happy Thanksgiving to all of you. I hope you have belonging, and love, warmth, and safety.

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Bluesky, AI, and the battle for consent on the open web

Bluesky

Daniel van Strien, a machine learning librarian at Hugging Face, took a million Bluesky posts and turned them into a dataset expressly for training AI models:

“This dataset could be used for “training and testing language models on social media content, analyzing social media posting patterns, studying conversation structures and reply networks, research on social media content moderation, [and] natural language processing tasks using social media data,” the project page says. “Out of scope use” includes “building automated posting systems for Bluesky, creating fake or impersonated content, extracting personal information about users, [and] any purpose that violates Bluesky's Terms of Service.””

There was an outcry among users, who felt that they hadn’t consented to such an activity. The idea that a generative AI model could potentially be used to build new content based on users’ work without their participation, consent, or awareness was appalling.

Van Strien eventually saw that his act was a violation and subsequently removed the dataset, writing an apology in a Bluesky post:

I've removed the Bluesky data from the repo. While I wanted to support tool development for the platform, I recognize this approach violated principles of transparency and consent in data collection. I apologize for this mistake.

Which is true! Just because something can be done, that doesn’t mean it should be. It was a violation of community norms even if it wasn’t a legal violation.

Bluesky subsequently shared a statement with 404 Media and The Verge about its future intentions:

“Bluesky is an open and public social network, much like websites on the Internet itself. Just as robots.txt files don't always prevent outside companies from crawling those sites, the same applies here. We'd like to find a way for Bluesky users to communicate to outside orgs/developers whether they consent to this and that outside orgs respect user consent, and we're actively discussing how to achieve this.”

It turns out a significant number of users moved away from X not because of the far-right rhetoric that’s become prevalent on the platform, but because they objected to their content being used to train AI models by the company. Many of them were aghast to discover that building a training dataset on Bluesky was even possible. This event has illustrated, in a very accessible way, the downside of an open, public, permissionless platform: the data is available to anyone.

There is a big difference in approaches here: on X, models are trained on platform data by the platform owner, for its own profit, whereas on Bluesky, the platform is trying to figure out how to surface user consent and does not, itself, participate in training a model. But the outcome on both may be similar, in that the end result is a generative model trained on user data, which someone other than the people who wrote the underlying posts may profit from.

The same is true on Mastodon, although gathering a central dataset of every Mastodon post is much harder because of the decentralized nature of the network. (There is one central Bluesky interface and API endpoint; Mastodon has thousands of interoperating community instances with no central access point or easy way to search the whole network.) And, of course, it’s true of the web itself. Despite being made of billions of independent websites, the web has been crawled for datasets many times, for example by Common Crawl, as well as the likes of Google and Microsoft, which have well-established crawler infrastructure for their search engines. Because website owners generally want their content to be found, they’ve generally allowed search engine bots to crawl their content; using those bots to gather information that could be used to build new content using generative models was a bait and switch that wiped away decades of built-up trust.

So the problem Bluesky is dealing with is not so much a problem with Bluesky itself or its architecture, but one that’s inherent to the web itself and the nature of building these training datasets based on publicly-available data. Van Strien’s original act clearly showed the difference in culture between AI and open social web communities: on the former it’s commonplace to grab data if it can be read publicly (or even sometimes if it’s not), regardless of licensing or author consent, while on open social networks consent and authors’ rights are central community norms.

There are a few ways websites and web services can help prevent content they host from being swept up into training data for generative models. All of them require active participation from AI vendors: effectively they must opt in to doing the right thing.

  1. Block AI crawlers using robots.txt. A robots.txt file has long been used to direct web crawlers. It’s a handshake agreement at best: there’s no legal enforcement, and we know that AI developers and vendors have sometimes ignored it.
  2. Use Do Not Train. Spawning, a company led in part by Mat Dryhurst and the artist Holly Herndon, has established a Do Not Train registry that already contains 1.5B+ entries. The name was inspired by the Do Not Track standard to opt out of user tracking, which was established in 2009 but never widely adopted by advertisers (who had no incentive to do so). Despite those challenges, Do Not Train has been respected in several new models, including Stable Diffusion.
  3. Use ai.txt to dictate how data can be used. Spawning has also established ai.txt, an AI-specific version of robots.txt that dictates how content can be used in training data.
  4. Establish a new per-user standard for consent. All of the above work best on a per-site basis, but it’s hard for a platform to let a crawler know that some users consent to having their content being used as training data while others do not. Bluesky is likely evaluating how this might work on its platform; whatever is established there will almost certainly also work on other decentralized platforms like Mastodon. I imagine it might include on-page metadata and tags incorporated into the underlying AT Protocol data for each user and post.

I’m in favor of legislation to make these measures binding instead of opt-in. Without binding measures, vendors are free to prioritize profit over user rights, perpetuating a cycle of exploitation. The key here is user consent: I should be able to say whether my writing, photos, art, etc, can be used to train an AI model. If my content is valuable enough, I should have the right to sell a license to it for this (or any) purpose. Today, that is impossible, and vendors are arguing that broad collection of training data is acceptable under fair use rules.

This won’t stifle innovation, because plenty of content is available and many authors do consent to for their work to be used in training data. It doesn’t ban AI or prevent its underlying mechanisms from working. It simply gives authors a say in how their work is used.

By prioritizing user consent and accountability, we can create a web where innovation and respect for creators coexist, without stifling innovation or disallowing entire classes of technology. That’s the fundamental vision of an open social web: one where everyone has real authorial control over their content, but where new tools can be built without having to ask for permission or go through gatekeepers. We’re very close to realizing it, and these conversations are an important way to get there.

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ProPublica is a big part of the future of news

In the Washington Post, Jennifer Rubin discusses my workplace, the journalism it undertakes, and why it's important (gift link). I lead technology, and while I sit on the business side of the operation, it's an absolute privilege to support these journalists.

This is on point:

“The impact is unmistakable. This year, ProPublica has averaged 11.8 million page views per month on- and off-platform (views on propublica.org and on aggregators such as Apple News and MSN). That represented a jump of 22 percent since 2022. It also just passed 200,000 followers on Instagram and has nearly 130,000 followers on YouTube.

It has partially filled the demand for local reporting that has resulted from the brutal realities of the newspaper industry’s consolidation. But it has also found relevance by being serious and focused, instead of giving way to many legacy media outlets’ impulse to lure back readers with games and frivolous lifestyle columns.

[…] I can only hope, for the sake of our democracy, that ProPublica will spawn imitators and provide competition to spur for-profits to be a better version of themselves.”

You can go read ProPublica here — its articles are all free to read and made available to republish under a Creative Commons license. If you have the means, you might also consider a donation.

ProPublica can also be followed on Mastodon, BlueSky, and Threads.

Here’s the full Washington Post article.

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What I want from Mozilla

Firefox on a phone

Like many of you, I received a survey today with the title: “What is your dream for Mozilla?” I filled it in, but the potential for Mozilla is so expansive and critical to the future of the internet that I wanted to address my thoughts in greater depth here.

Mozilla describes its mission as follows:

Our mission is to ensure the Internet is a global public resource, open and accessible to all. An Internet that truly puts people first, where individuals can shape their own experience and are empowered, safe and independent.

I believe Mozilla is best placed to achieve this goal by explicitly fostering an ecosystem of open, accessible software that promotes user independence, privacy, and safety. It should be a facilitator, supporter, and convener through which projects that promote these values thrive.

What should its next chapter look like in an internet increasingly dominated by corporate interests? Mozilla has the tools, the history, and the mission to reclaim its role as a pioneer of the open web. But doing so requires bold steps and a renewed focus on impact and innovation.

A mission focus on impact

Its success should be determined through impact. It should publish an impact report that shows how it has spread usable, private, open software worldwide, and solicit donations based on that activity. How has Mozilla prevented a monopoly of ad-driven surveillance technology in different markets? How has Mozilla helped people keep themselves safe online while seeking reproductive healthcare? How has Mozilla tech been used in authoritarian regions to support community well-being? It should clarify its roadmap for turning its mission into measurable outcomes, and then be unashamed about fundraising based on this directed mission. These focused impact reports would guide internal strategy, demonstrate accountability, and inspire public and donor trust.

Conversely, I believe Mozilla is not a media company. That means it should not attempt to be Consumer Reports; we don’t need it to navigate the world of AI for us or tell us what to buy for Christmas. Those are valuable pursuits, but Mozilla should leave them to existing technology media companies.

Impact-focused products that bring something new to the table

I believe this impact focus means that it should not seek to charge consumers for its products. If the mission is to make the internet open, accessible, private, and safe for individuals, as much friction towards achieving that goal should be removed as possible.

Many of Mozilla’s efforts already fall in line with this mission. The Firefox browser itself is an open, anti-surveillance alternative to corporate-driven browsers like Chrome, although it has fallen behind. This is in part because of anti-competitive activity from companies like Google, and in part because some of the most interesting innovations in the browser space have happened elsewhere: for example, Arc’s radical changes to browser user experience are really compelling, and should probably have been a Mozilla experiment.

Firefox Relay — which makes it easy to hide your email address when dealing with a third party — and Mozilla VPN are similarly in line at first glance. But because the VPN is little more than a wrapped Mullvad VPN, with revenue splitting between the two organizations, it isn’t really adding anything new. In a similar vein, Relay is very similar to DuckDuckGo’s email protection, among others. And why is one branded as Firefox and one as Mozilla? I’m sure the organization itself has an answer to this, but I couldn’t begin to tell you. (For what it’s worth, Mozilla seems to agree about the distraction and has scaled back support for these services.)

AI is a new, hot technology, but there’s nothing really new for Mozilla to do here, either. Many vendors are working on AI privacy, because that’s where a lot of the real revenue is: organizations with privacy needs that relate to sensitive information. There is no reason why Mozilla will be the best at creating these solutions, or differentiated in doing so.

Instead, to paraphrase Bill Clinton: it’s the web, stupid.

If Firefox is the biggest, most impactful software product in Mozilla’s arsenal today, how can it bring it back to prominence? One interesting route might be to use it as a way for third parties to explore the future of the browser. Mozilla can ship its own Firefox user experience, but what if it was incredibly simple for other people to also build wildly remixed browsers? Could Mozilla build unique features, like privacy layers tailored for vulnerable users, that competitors don’t offer?

Projects like Zen Browser already use core Firefox to build new experiences, but there’s a lot of coding involved, and they’re not discoverable from within Firefox itself. What if they were? One can imagine Firefox browsers optimized for everything from artists and activists to salespeople and investors, all available from a browser marketplace. The authors of those experiences would, by sharing their unique browser remixes, help spread the Firefox browser overall. While browsers like Chrome serve corporate goals around ads and analytics, the Mozilla mission gives Firefox a mandate to be a playground for innovation. It should be that. (And, yes, AI can play a supporting role here too.)

Note that while I think products should be made available to consumers free of charge, that doesn’t mean that Mozilla shouldn’t make money. For example, if there’s revenue in specific experiences for certain enterprise or partner use cases, why not explore that? Enterprise offerings could directly fund Mozilla’s open-source projects, reinforcing its mission.

Truly supporting a vibrant open web

While Mozilla’s products are key to advancing its mission, its influence can extend far beyond the browser. Mozilla has the potential to be a home base for similar projects that have the potential to create a more open, private, safe and self-directed web.

While that might mean support technically — developer resources, libraries, and guides — the most burning needs for user-centric open source projects are often unrelated to code. These include:

  • Experience design. Most open source projects lean towards coding as a core competency and aren’t able to provide the same polished user experiences as commercial software. Mozilla could bridge the gap by providing training and direct resources to elevate the design of user-centric open source projects, and to prepare these projects to work well with designers.
  • Legal help. Some projects need help with boilerplate documents like privacy policies, terms of service agreements, and contributor license agreements; others need assistance figuring out licensing; some will have more individual legal needs. It’s highly unlikely that most projects have the ability to produce this in-house, meaning they either leave themselves open to liabilities by not getting legal advice, or have to retain legal help at a high cost to themselves. Mozilla can help.
  • Policy assistance. Mozilla could help projects navigate complex regulatory environments, such as GDPR or CCPA compliance or lobbying for user-first policies globally.
  • Funding. Offering grants or investments for vetted open source projects could amplify Mozilla’s impact. It’s done this in the past a little bit through its defunct WebFWD accelerator and specific grants, and it’s doing a version of this today with its accelerator for advancing open source AI. There’s room for a wider scope here, and a little bit of a carrot-and-stick approach: for example, funding could be contingent on a project demonstrating its human-centered approach and being willing to work with designers.
  • Go-to-market strategy. Mozilla could provide guidance on launching and scaling projects, including identifying its first users, building community, and targeting messaging to them. Mozilla could host workshops on community engagement and messaging, enabling projects to scale effectively.
  • Regional impact. Different geographic communities have different needs. Regional accelerators could deliver it as a curriculum to local cohorts of open source teams. Regional accelerators could support open-source teams with tailored workshops and local mentorship, building capacity while addressing regional challenges.

A centralized Mozilla hub could provide templates, guides, and access to expert mentorship for projects to tackle legal, design, and policy hurdles. One-to-one help could be provided for the projects with the most potential to meaningfully fulfill Mozilla’s impact goals. And through it all, Mozilla can act as a connector: between the projects themselves, and to people and organizations in the tech industry who want to help mission-driven projects.

By creating a thriving ecosystem of user-centric open-source projects, Mozilla can ensure its mission outlasts individual products.

The dream of the nineties is alive in Mozilla

Mozilla has the tools, the history, and the mission to make the internet better for everyone. By fostering innovation and empowering communities, it can reclaim its role as a leader in the fight for an open web. Now is the time for bold action — and a strong focus on its mission.

That’s my dream for Mozilla. Now, what’s yours?

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Bluesky, the Fediverse, and the future of social media

Birds, flocking

I care a lot about the future of social media. It’s how many of us learn about the world and connect to each other; putting something so important in the hands of a handful of centralized corporations has repeatedly proven itself to be harmful. That’s why I’m so excited about the growth of federated and decentralized social media in the wake of Elon Musk’s disastrous acquisition of X. These platforms give more control to communities and individuals, reducing the risks of a central corporation manipulating the global conversation through algorithms or other means.

Although a lot of my focus has been on Fediverse platforms like Mastodon, from time to time I’ve mentioned that I’m really impressed with what the Bluesky team has achieved. The Bluesky platform is growing very quickly and seems to be the go-to choice for less-technical users like journalists, politicians, and so on who want to leave X. Bluesky offers valuable insights for anyone interested in the future of social media and how to build a vibrant alternative platform.

  • Easy to understand onboarding: You register at the Bluesky site. To get you started, you can access “starter packs” of users to follow around various topics, so your feed is never empty. Here’s a starter pack of ProPublica journalists, for example, or people in tech from underrepresented communities.
  • It feels alive: The posts are both timely and engaging. This is in contrast to Mastodon, where they’re purely chronologically-ordered, or Threads, where I was still seeing hopeful posts from before the election a week later (because they piggybacked on the Instagram algorithm, which is optimized for a different kind of content). News can actually break here — and so can memes. Find an old-timer and ask them about ALF: an inside joke that I absolutely refuse to log an explanation for here.
  • Search works universally: It simply doesn’t on Mastodon, and I can only describe the search engine on Threads as weird.
  • It’s moderated and facilitated: The site has easy-to-understand moderation. More than that, the team seems to have invested in the culture of the community they’re creating. Particularly in the beginning, they did a lot of community facilitation work that set the tone of the place. The result — so far — is a palpable sense of fun in contrast to a seriousness that pervades both Threads and Mastodon.

At the same time, Bluesky benefits from an open mindset, an open-source codebase, and a permissionless protocol that allows anyone to build tools on top of it. Critics will note that it isn’t really decentralized yet: there’s one dominant personal data store that basically everyone is attached to. In contrast to Mastodon’s model of co-operative communities anchored by a non-profit, Bluesky is a venture funded startup that grew out of Twitter.

Other critics complain about the involvement of Jack Dorsey, who created Twitter and therefore a lot of the problems that we’re all trying to get away from. I don’t think that’s a valid complaint: he famously both established Bluesky because he felt that Twitter should have been a protocol rather than a company, and both left the board and closed his account after becoming dissatisfied with the way Bluesky was run as a moderated community. He has since described X as “freedom technology” and put a ton of his own money behind Nostr. I’ve personally found Nostr to be a particularly toxic decentralized network dominated by Bitcoin-loving libertarians. This may indicate where his priorities lie.

I’ll be honest: on paper, I like Mastodon’s model better. It’s a community-driven effort paid for transparently by donations, much like any non-profit. (Much like any non-profit, the bulk of the funding comes from larger entities, but these are advertised on the Mastodon website alongside smaller-dollar donors.) I also like the co-operative model where smaller communities can dictate their own norms but interoperate with the larger network, which means that, for example, communities for trans posters or journalists can provide more directed support.

But this model faces a much harder road. It means, firstly, that there is less money to go around (Bluesky has raised $36M so far; Mastodon raised €326K in 2022), and secondly, that it’s harder to understand for a new user who wants to join in. It’s also clear that CEO Jay Graber has established a cohesive team that by all accounts is a lot of fun to work in. That counts for a lot and has helped to establish a healthy community.

Even with its hurdles, Mastodon’s model embodies a rare, user-first ethos, and I believe it’s worth supporting. In the end, the future of social media may depend on which values we choose to uphold.

I suspect both will continue to exist side by side. If I had to guess, Bluesky might become a mainstream platform for people who want something very close to pre-acquisition Twitter (which it is rapidly becoming right now), and the Fediverse might become the default glue between any social platform. For example, I post my book reading activity on Bookwyrm, which I find more useful in its own right than Goodreads. Other people can follow and interact with my book reviews there, or they can follow from other Fediverse-compatible platforms like Mastodon. (Right now, my followers are about half and half). Mastodon itself will allow niche supportive communities to grow, and of course, the fact that Threads is building Fediverse support means that any of its hundreds of millions of users will be able to interact with anyone on any other Fediverse platform.

Bluesky may evolve into a streamlined alternative to Twitter, while the Fediverse could serve as a decentralized, cross-platform connector among diverse networks. This dynamic offers a promising future for users, with both worlds learning from one another in a productive tension that has the potential to strengthen the open social web. That’s good news for everyone who values an open, user-driven future for social media.

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PSA: Social media privacy and you

A camera to indicate surveillance

I’ve noticed a few mistaken assumptions circulating on social media lately, so I thought it was worth clarifying a few things around privacy and surveillance.

Much of this depends on the idea of a threat model: a term that refers to the potential risks you face based on who you think might try to access your information and why.

Making a social media profile private does not make it safe from surveillance.

While it may make you safe from harassment by preventing drive-by comments from outside attackers, its content is still accessible by the platform owner.

For centralized services like Threads and X, this is hopefully obvious: the platform owner can see your content. However, it’s also true on other platforms. For example, the owner of your Mastodon instance could theoretically view your non-public posts.

If your main concern is harassment, setting your account to private can be a helpful step. If your threat model is a state actor or other large entity accessing your information and using it to incriminate you in some way, it does not prevent that from happening if the social media platform co-operates. For example, if X was compelled (or chose to) provide information about users posting about receiving reproductive healthcare, it could do that regardless of an account’s privacy settings. Threads or a Mastodon instance could similarly be subpoenaed for the same information.

Remember, even with privacy settings in place, your data belongs to the platform owner, not you. This is a critical point to understand in any digital space, regardless of ownership or whether it is centralized or decentralized. Even if a platform is decentralized, privacy still depends on who runs your instance, their stance on co-operating with outside requests for information, and the legal demands of the region they reside in.

If a platform chooses to co-operate, a warrant is not necessarily required for this information, and you may never find out that it has happened.

Decentralized/federated social networks are not free from surveillance.

These platforms are based on permissionless protocols, which allow anyone to join the network and interact without needing special permissions from anyone. This is great for accessibility but can also make it easier for bad actors to watch public posts.

In some ways, that makes them easier to surveil than centralized services. For an actor to surveil X or Threads, they would need to work with the platform owner. For an actor to do the same thing with Mastodon or Bluesky, they simply need to implement the protocol and go looking.

This is where making your account private can help, as long as the platform owner is not directly co-operating. (As described above, if a platform owner does co-operate, all data stored with them is potentially accessible.) If your account is public, your information can be freely indexed with no limitations.

Social media is not suitable for sensitive conversations.

As we’ve seen, privacy settings are helpful but limited. Given the limitations of privacy settings on social media, for truly sensitive conversations, it’s wise to switch to encrypted channels. You should also be mindful of what you share on any social platform, even with privacy settings enabled.

I always recommend Signal for sensitive conversations, and suggest using it to replace DMs entirely. You’re much more likely to use it for a sensitive conversation if you’re already using it for everyconversation. Unlike the alternatives, it’s open source and auditable, not owned by a large corporation, end-to-end encrypted, works on every platform, and is very easy to use.

You should also consider using Block Party, which is the most user-friendly tool I’ve seen for locking down your social media privacy settings.

In the end, privacy settings can only go so far. Using a platform like Signal can make a meaningful difference in safeguarding your most sensitive information. It’s a free, simple choice. But even more than that, it’s worth remembering: the point of social media is that someone is always watching. Act accordingly.

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Non-profit newsrooms that speak truth to power

If you’re looking for signal, here are some non-profit newsrooms that speak truth to power on a national scale. You can follow all of them for free; all of them could also use your support.


ProPublica

ProPublica investigates abuses of power and betrayals of the public trust by government, business, and other institutions, using the moral force of investigative journalism to spur reform through the sustained spotlighting of wrongdoing.

Website | Mastodon | Flipboard | Threads | Bluesky | Newsletters | RSS


The 19th

The 19th exists to empower women and LGBTQ+ people — particularly those from underrepresented communities — with the information, resources and tools they need to be equal participants in our democracy.

Website | Flipboard | Threads | Bluesky | Newsletters | RSS


Grist

Grist is dedicated to highlighting climate solutions and uncovering environmental injustices.

Website | Flipboard | Threads | Bluesky | Newsletters | RSS


The Marshall Project

The Marshall Project seeks to create and sustain a sense of national urgency about the U.S. criminal justice system.

Website | Threads | Newsletters | RSS


The Markup

The Markup investigates how powerful institutions are using technology to change our society.

Website | Mastodon | Flipboard | Threads | Newsletters | RSS


Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting

Reveal is an investigative radio show and podcast that holds the powerful accountable by reporting about everything from racial and social injustices to threats to public safety and democracy.

Website | Flipboard | Threads | Newsletter | RSS


Bellingcat

Bellingcat is an independent investigative collective of researchers, investigators and citizen journalists brought together by a passion for open source research.

Website | Mastodon | Threads | Bluesky | RSS

 

The news is breaking

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We can still rise

What a morning.

I know this quote has been shared and reshared ad infinitum, but it gives me hope today, and I hope it will do the same for you:

“When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, "Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.” Fred Rogers

You will always find people who are helping.

Some slightly disconnected thoughts:

Going forward, I don’t know that I want my private conversations to be accessible by any third party. Privacy and security were always important, but feel like even more of a necessity today. If you want to contact me, going forward the best option is Signal, the open source end-to-end encrypted chat app. I’ve been using it for years, but now I’d like to convince more of you to join me. My username is benwerd.01. There’s a Signal link at the bottom of every page on my website; if you have Signal, you can click here to contact me. I’d love to chat.

The first thing I posted this morning was a call to action for journalists: “your job, now more than ever, is to speak truth to power”. On every platform, I received replies that indicate a lack of trust in journalism that I think is well-earned. People believe that journalism has generally served to preserve the status quo rather than illuminate the needs and lives of the people who need it. At its worst, it’s carried water for nationalist movements in the false pursuit of balance. While I think there are exceptions — I’m proud to work for ProPublica, which I believe is one, and I think fondly of The 19th, Grist, The Marshall Project, Rest of World and others — I also think this is largely true. Many news institutions have fully abdicated their responsibility. The others (perhaps all of them?) need to listen to their non-managerial workforces and make cultural changes to make themselves truly representative of the communities they want to reach and serve.

I’ve been thinking about pulling down my whole website and scrubbing it from the Internet Archive. I no longer know if what I’m saying here is helpful or if it’s additive in any way. I’m wondering about refocusing on more proactive rather than reactive modes of communication. I also don’t know — for all the talk about freedom of speech — that there won’t be retaliation for advocating for certain values or for working where I do. I wouldn’t truly go away if I did this, but I’d publish in a different way. I floated this idea on Mastodon, and I think I’ve been convinced not to, at least for now; publishing is an act of protest.

For many people in America — women, trans people, immigrants, people of color, people who are gay, anyone who is not in the in-group — there are safe regions and unsafe regions. It’s not even about states, but local state rules obviously do matter (for example, Austin might feel safer than Dallas, but Texan reproductive health rules still apply). As of this morning, I find myself living in a red state for the first time in my life. As I walked to daycare this morning, past the local elementary school, I passed a woman in a camo MAGA hat; someone who was willing to vote against the interests of at least half of the children in the building she was outside. She voted for a politician who said school shootings were a fact of life. We need to protect the safe spaces. We need more spaces to be safe. I need to be able to create safe spaces for others.

I love my friends and I want them to be safe.

The stock market rose this morning. I understand what that means and I don’t know what to do with it.

I saw a number of comments this morning (particularly in local Facebook groups) along the lines of, “I’m grateful we stopped the communist invasion”. The idea that the Democrats are anything close to communist is ludicrous, but I don’t know how we deal with this perception that what people are asking for — healthcare, civil rights, welfare — is some kind of extremist position. These things would simply bring America in line with the benefits citizens of every other developed nation enjoy. You can intellectually interrogate it, but I don’t think that’s helpful. How do you actually swing people around? Can you? Is it a pipe dream to make America a tolerable democratic nation?

I used to work at a startup accelerator, Matter, where we’d start our demo days with a speech that said: “stories define us”. I think that’s right. (It went on to say “technology empowers us” and, to be frank with you, I’m no longer sure about that line.) Stories teach us what it means to be human and elevate lived experiences. Some are simply the stories of real peoples’ lived experiences; that is journalism, which continues to be incredibly integral to democracy, despite the abdications of its management. Other stories are art that is crafted to shine a light. Camus said, “fiction is the lie through which we tell the truth,” and I truly believe it. Every story, every heartfelt piece of fiction, is a real thing that can’t be taken away from us. Stories define us. They are rebellion. We should tell more stories.

All that we have is each other. We rise together or we fall together. Today feels like a fall. But we can still rise.

It's the Statue of Liberty. I suppose it's supposed to mean something.

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10 distractions, in case you need them for some reason

In case you’re searching for things to take your mind off the immediate horrors of the real world for, you know, some reason, here are ten:


3D Workers Island is a horror story told in the form of late-nineties screenshots from forums, websites, and a mysterious screensaver.

Practical Betterments is a collection of very small one-off actions that improve your life continuously. Examples include putting a spoon in every container that needs a spoon or cutting your toothbrush in half. Gently unhinged.

Someone remixed a cover of Raffi’s Bananaphone with Ms. Rachel and it’s kind of a bop?

David Gilliver creates amazing light paintings — one of his latest was just shortlisted in the British Photography Awards. This article says he uses a lightsaber while dressed all in black; the pinnacle of Sith expression.

Witches on roller skates! Sure, Halloween’s over. But witches on roller skates!

That time Sir Terry Pratchett modded Oblivion is “the untold story of how Discworld author Terry Pratchett became an unexpected contributor to the world of The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion,” even as his Alzheimer’s progressed. The video is based on this older article.

After having a stroke at 25, Eilish Briscoe created a typeface to show the process of learning to write again — and has created a series of typographic exhibitions centered around the idea that “expression is a luxury”.

Halfbakery is “a communal database of original, fictitious inventions, edited by its users”. For example, the beardaclava, which is “a carefully woven balaclava that hangs as a thick and luxurious seamless extension to your existing beard, perfectly matching its colour and hair quality”.

Godchecker is here for you if you need to check a god. “Our legendary mythology encyclopedia now includes nearly four thousand weird and wonderful Gods, Supreme Beings, Demons, Spirits and Fabulous Beasts from all over the world.” Comprehensive.

Wigmaker is a game about making wigs. And it’s open source!

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There's an election coming up and I can't believe we're still debating it.

Every vote counts

Heads up: this one’s for American citizens. The rest of you can pass this one over, or peek at it for a shot of either schadenfreude or fear, depending on your predilictions and assumptions. It’s your call.

The election, at the time of writing, is in ten days. It’s on Tuesday, November 5th. If you haven’t made a plan to vote yet, you should do that! You might also be able to vote early, but if you can’t, your employer may be legally required to give you the time and space to go do it. I learned while writing this that the law doesn’t exist in twelve states; they’re not even the ones you’re probably thinking of. Bananas. Anyway, Vote.gov is a great site that will give you the information you need.

There are two possible options in this election. And, to be honest with you, I can’t believe we are even having a conversation about it.

One of them is a convicted felon who 14 members of his prior administration, including former Chief of Staff John Kelly, call a “fascist” who admires dictators and has praised Adolf Hitler multiple times. He seeks to mass-deport 15-20 million people by way of deploying the military against civilians and interning them in camps. In his last administration, he transformed the American judicial system, installing over two hundred judges and three Supreme Court justices who are loyal to his nationalist ideology. He will ramp up nuclear weapons proliferation, and has asked why we can’t use them, including against hurricanes. He is a proponent of States’ rights, a dog-whistle that speaks to a desire to avoid federally mandated desegegation, marriage equality, and reproductive rights. He has consistently demonized minority groups in increasingly-unhinged rallies that are reminiscent of a very dark era of the 20th century. He is a racist fomer reality TV star who doesn’t pay his bills.

The other is Kamala Harris, who is running on a platform that has been described as “pragmatic moderate”. On the hard right, people complain, falsely, that she’s a Marxist (oh, the humanity!); on the left, people complain about her focus on US military might and her lack of firm action around the ongoing suffering in Gaza. Voters like me would prefer a candidate who sits politically to the left of her, the very fact that any of the Cheneys, let alone the war criminal patriarch, feel comfortable standing anywhere near her makes me very uncomfortable, but she very clearly is not any of the things I just described about Donald Trump.

There are other candidates, but each of them, or submitting a blank or spoiled ballot, is, in effect, a vote for Trump.

So, look.

I do not think Biden is perfect, and he was not my preferred Democratic candidate in 2020 (that was Elizabeth Warren). For one thing, he’s tough on immigration in ways I don’t like; the number of deportations under his watch is on track to match the number in Trump’s first term. (When people say Harris is soft on the border, it is not based in fact.) For another, he’s furthered American militarism overseas in all kinds of ways. I do not think Harris is perfect either, and there will be a lot of continuous work to do to pressure her administration to do the right thing both domestically and internationally. There is a lot to do, no matter which candidate, to undo the worst of the effects of American influence internationally. (She has actually been one of the most liberal representatives, while arguably not going far enough; both things can be true.)

But to say that the two candidacies are equivalently bad is bad-faith nonsense. One promises the same kind of American Presidency we’ve experienced, more or less, for better and for worse, for generations (the people calling Harris a Marxist are either idiots or out to mislead you; in my opinion we could use a great deal more European-style social democracy, which we simply aren’t going to get). The other is something that will take America to a darker, more authoritarian place for generations.

My ask is just this: that you take stock, decide what your values really are, and vote based on those values all the way down the ballot, from the President through to your local representatives. I’m making no secret of how I’m casting my vote or which values I think are important. Yours are entirely up to you.

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The web and I

NCSA Mosaic

Mathew Ingram has posted some smart reflections inspired by Netscape’s thirtieth birthday:

I don’t think an ancient serf seeing an illustrated manuscript for the first time in the 11th century would have been any more gobsmacked than I was at Netscape. Yes, there were things like America Online and Compuserve before that, and I had tried most of them. But I felt that they were like a children’s playground with 10-foot-high walls — you couldn’t even see the real internet from there, let alone actually interact with it.

That’s how I felt too. I was an active CompuServe user and had connected to a bunch of the local Bulletin Board Systems by the time I touched the internet; they felt both easy to grasp and constrained.

The web and I grew up together. 

Our family was friends with John Rose, the proprietor of a local listings and classifieds broadsheet called Daily Information, who was a tech enthusiast on the side. He’d turned the Daily Info office (a creaky Victorian house in North Oxford that smelled of photocopiers) into a part-time computer café for the local students to use. My parents were both students at the University while I was growing up, and so I’d hung out at Daily Info since I was small. We didn’t have much money, but because of John, I grew up around daisy-wheel typewriters, which became dedicated word-processors, which became Macs and IBM PCs.

John had become excited about the idea of BBSes (possible because he’d seen that I was excited about BBSes), so hired me as a fifteen year old to start one from him. We had a single line: one person at a time could dial in and look at apartments to rent or get today’s movie times. I’d come in after school for £5 an hour and update the listings and make sure the BBS was working.

A BBS is a walled garden. You dial in, you’re presented with a menu (perhaps painstakingly built in ANSI characters by a teenager after school), and you can select a very small number of things to do. You might chat in a forum, upload or download a few files, or read some information. There’s no expansiveness: you’re logging into a limited information system that’s designed for a small number of people to interact with, likely run from a single computer under a desk.

The internet, of course, is something else entirely.

While I was building text-only interfaces on the BBS computer in Daily Information’s storage closet, the consumer internet was emerging. It wasn’t long before it entered my living room. My mother was a telecoms analyst for Kagan World Media, where she wrote a newsletter about the emerging internet, computer and cellphone industries. (Here she is quoted discussing CD-ROM penetration in Time Magazine in 1995, or in Communications International announcing the decline of the pager). She’d get to try out new tech from time to time, so we briefly got a very early version of commercial dial-up internet at home; I wowed myself with the Carnegie Mellon Coke machine and the Trojan Room coffee pot (the first IoT device and first webcam respectively). I found the internet much harder to use than BBSes, but it was clear that the possibilities were enormous. Family friends would come to our house to see it.

In that first year of running the BBS, John installed a 128kbps ISDN line at the Daily Info office. I’d already played with the internet a little bit at home; here I had more time and bandwidth to try web browsers. I’d been using NCSA Mosaic, an early web browser built at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign by student programmers Eric Bina and Marc Andreessen. When they graduated and started Netscape with Jim Clark, I eagerly downloaded every version: the one when it was still called Mosaic, before the University Illinois complained about use of the name; the version of Netscape with the boxy blue N in the top right that had a prominent role in the first Mission Impossible film; the one with the classy night sky logo.

It was a window into something entirely new. It was magic: a way for anyone to tell stories in practically any way they wanted. There was something about the slow speed which emphasized how special it was; a photograph that took a minute to download, coming into progressive focus or cascading down the screen line by line, felt like it was being delivered from half a world away. That’s been lost now that the web is instantaneous; it’s inarguably better now, of course, but it’s also easier to take it for granted.

With each Netscape release, I was also glued to every new feature that the web allowed. The HTML 2.0 release the next year introduced some major new ideas: a head and body tag, forms, inline images, a few basic styles. By the time I graduated high school, CSS had been invented, and people were beginning to add semantic details to the markup — but HTML 2.0 was enough to get started with.

John bought us some web space, and we created a website for Daily Info. The BBS was still functional, but now any number of people with an internet connection could view the listings simultaneously. It was very basic — this was 1995 — but it was possible for someone to see the listings and pay to add their own to the site on the same day, albeit with a real human dealing with it. The PageMaker files for the paper version of the sheet were still the primary source of truth, so ads were added there first, and then extracted back into files that I could convert into HTML and upload to the server.

I realized years later that the Daily Info website was online before either Craigslist or eBay, which are usually credited as being the first web classifieds sites. It was certainly more basic (built, as it was, by a teenager in a closet), although we progressively built more interactivity through Perl scripts. That fact speaks one of the most powerful things about the web: anyone can do it. You don’t need permission to publish. You just need to have something to say.

My excitement about the internet at Daily Info led to us finally getting the internet at home, through Demon, an early dial-up ISP that literally connected you to the internet with a static IP whenever you dialed in. It was the first to give every customer free web space, which felt like freedom: even though I’d been building at my after-school job for a while, having web space of my own meant I could do anything I wanted with it. I began to experiment with my own homepages, and narrate my life through a kind of online diary (we have a different word for that now). All the while, I continued to update the Daily Info website, which is still running today, with a very different codebase.

I thought I was going to be a writer; experimenting with the web meant that I chose to take the computer science route and learn more about building software. It radically changed the course of my life. I’m still a writer at heart — my love of technology stems from my desire to tell stories with it — but I’ve also been a developer, a startup founder, an advisor, and a CTO. So much of what I’ve been able to do, the people I’ve met, the things I’ve experienced, the work I’ve been privileged to take on, has been because of the magic of those first Netscape releases. I’m grateful for all of these influences — Netscape, John Rose, my mother, the permissionless experimentation that the web itself made possible. That spirit of magic and possibility is still what I’m chasing, and, despite the exploitation of big tech and the corrosive nature of unequal funding and the politics and everything else, is still what I think is magical about the web.

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Helping to build the open social web

A very literal illustration of a construction site

As regular readers know, I care a lot about growing the open social web: the rapidly-growing decentralized network of interoperable social platforms that includes Mastodon, Threads, Ghost, Flipboard, and many other platforms, both emerging and established. This is for a few reasons, including but not limited to:

Support for strong communities

  • Support for niche interests and diversity: Smaller, independent communities can flourish without the pressure to appeal to mass audiences, leading to richer, more diverse conversations and interactions. But these aren’t silos: any member from one community can easily follow someone from any other.
  • Community-driven moderation: Instead of top-down moderation, communities set their own rules and guidelines, which can lead to healthier and more relevant interactions. Community health isn’t subject to a single corporation’s policies and motivations.

Better developer experience

  • An easier way to build social apps: Shared libraries, tools and protocols let developers get started faster. And developers no longer have to worry about their social products feeling empty: every new product can plug into communities of millions of people.
  • Developer stability: Developers don’t need to ask anyone for permission to build on open social web protocols. Nobody will suddenly turn off the open social web and charge developers to access it: just like the web itself, it’s open and permissionless, forever. The result is a less risky playing field for new entrants.

Respect for users

  • Decentralized governance: Users have more control over their data, identity, and interactions, without reliance on a single corporation or platform.
  • Freedom from corporate algorithms: No algorithm-driven feeds prioritize ads or engagement-maximizing content, allowing for more authentic and community-driven interaction (and significantly less election interference, for example).
  • Data ownership and portability: Users have greater control over their data and are not at the mercy of corporate interests. The open social web has the potential to connect every social platform, allowing anyone to be in conversation. And users can move from provider to provider at any time without losing their communities.
  • Reduced surveillance: Federated systems are often less focused on advertising and surveillance-based business models, reducing targeted ads and invasive data collection.
  • A more ethical ecosystem: It’s far easier for developers to build ethical apps that don’t hold user data hostage.

I’d love to be more involved in helping it grow. Here are some ways I’ve thought about doing that. As always, I’d love to hear what you think.

Acting as an advocate between publishers and vendors.

Status: I’m already doing this informally.

Open social web vendors like Mastodon seem to want to understand the needs of news publishers; there are already lots of advantages for news publishers who join the open social web. There’s some need for a go-between to help both groups understand each other.

Publishers need to prove that there’s return on investment on getting involved in any social platform. Mastodon in particular has some analytics-hostile features, including preventing linked websites from knowing where traffic is coming from, and stripping the utm tags that audience teams use to analyze traffic. There’s also no great analytics dashboard and little integration with professional social media tools.

Meanwhile, the open social web already has a highly engaged, intelligent, action-oriented community of early adopters who care about the world around them and are willing to back news publishers they think are doing good work. I’ve done work to prove this, and have found that publishers can easily get more meaningful engagement (subscriptions, donations) on the open social web than on all closed social networks combined. That’s a huge advantage.

But both groups need to collaborate — and in the case of publishers, need to want to collaborate. There’s certainly work to do here.

Providing tertiary services.

Status: I built ShareOpenly, but there’s much more work to do.

There are a lot of ways a service provider could add value to the open social web.

Automattic, the commercial company behind WordPress, got its start by providing anti-spam services through a tool called Akismet. Automattic itself is unfortunately not a wonderful example to point to at this moment in time, but the model stands: take an open source product and make it more useful through add-ons.

There’s absolutely the need for anti-spam and moderation services on the open social web (which are already provided by Independent Federated Trust And Safety, which is a group that deserves to be better-funded).

My tiny contribution so far is ShareOpenly, a site that provides “share to …” buttons for websites that are inclusive of Mastodon and other Fediverse platforms. A few sites, like my own blog and Tedium, include ShareOpenly links on posts, and it’s been used to share to hundreds of Mastodon instances. (I don’t track links shared at all, so don’t have stats about that.) But, of course, it could be a lot bigger.

I think there’s potential in anti-spam services in particular: unlike trust and safety, they can largely be automated, and there’s a proven model with Akismet.

Rebuilding Known to support the Fediverse — or contributing to an existing Fediverse platform.

Status: I just need more time.

My publishing platform Known could be rewritten to have a new, faster, cleaner architecture that is Fediverse-first.

It’s not clear to me what the sustainability model is here: how can I make sure I continue to have the time and resources to work on it? But I do think there’s a lot of potential for it to be useful — particularly for individual bloggers and smaller publishers — once it was built.

And of course, there are many other open source Fediverse platforms (like Mastodon) that always need extra hands. The question remains: how can I find the time and resources to be able to make those contributions?

(I’ve already tried: funding as a startup, consultancy services, donations, and a paid hosting service. If you’ve got other ideas, I’d love to hear them!)

An API engine for the Fediverse

Status: idea only, but validated with both experts and potential customers. Would need to be funded.

ActivityPub, the underlying protocol underneath the Fediverse, can sometimes be hard to implement. Unlike many web apps, you often need to set up asynchronous queues and process data in potentially expensive ways when both publishing and reading data from other instances.

So why not abstract all of that away? Here smaller communities and experimental developers can rely on shared infrastructure that handles inboxes and queues automatically behind a simple RESTful API with SDKs in every modern language. Rather than have to build out all that infrastructure to begin with, developers can start with the Fediverse API, saving them a bunch of time and allowing them to focus on their unique idea.

It would start out with a free tier, allowing experimentation, and then scale up to affordable, use-based billing.

Add-on services could provide the aforementioned anti-spam, and there could be plugins from services like IFTAS in order to provide real human moderation for communities that need it.

Suddenly, developers can build a fully Fediverse-compatible app in an afternoon instead of in weeks or months, and know that they don’t need to be responsible for maintaining its underlying ActivityPub infrastructure.

A professional open social network (Fediverse VIP)

Status: idea only, but validated with domain experts.

A first-class social network with top-tier UX and UI design, particularly around onboarding and discovery, built explicitly to be part of the Fediverse. The aim is to be the destination for anyone who wants to join the Fediverse for professional purposes — or if they simply don’t know what other instance to join.

There is full active moderation and trust and safety for all users. Videos are supported out of the box. Images all receive automatic alt text generation by default (or you can specify your own). There is a first-class app across all mobile platforms, and live search for events, TV shows, sports, and so on. Posts can easily be embedded on third-party sites.

You can break out long-form posts from shorter posts, allowing you to read stories from Ghost and other platforms that publish long-form text to the Fediverse.

If publishers and brands join Fediverse VIP, profiles of their employees can be fully branded and be associated with their domains. A paid tier offers full analytics (in contrast in particular to Mastodon, which offers almost none) and scheduled posts, as well as advanced trust and safety features for journalists and other users from sensitive organizations. Publishers can opt to syndicate full-content feeds into the Fediverse. This becomes the best, safest, most feature-supported and brand-safe way for publishers to share with the hundreds of millions of Fediverse users.

Finally, an enterprise concierge tier allows Fediverse VIP to be deeply customized and integrated with any website or tool, for example to run Fediverse-aware experiments on their own sites, do data research (free for accredited academic institutions and non-profit newsrooms), build new tools that work with Fediverse VIP, or use live feeds of content on TV or at other events.

What do you think?

Those are some ideas I have. But I’m curious: what do you think would be most effective? Is this even an important goal?

I’d love to hear what you think.

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I joined Dot Social for a conversation about the future of media

Ben Werdmuller and Jason Koebler on Dot Social

I was lucky enough to sit down with Mike McCue, CEO at Flipboard, and 404 Media co-founder (and former Motherboard Editor-in-Chief) Jason Koebler to talk about the future of media and its intersection with the future of the social web.

Savvy journalists at forward-thinking newsrooms are not letting this happen to them. Instead, they’re doing the work that arguably has been most critical all along: building direct connections with their audiences. It’s common to do this through email lists and subscription models, but the open social web offers a new, more equitable ecosystem for quality journalism to thrive.

Two people on the frontlines of this movement are Jason Koebler, a journalist and co-founder at 404 Media, and Ben Werdmuller, the senior director of technology at ProPublica. In this episode of Dot Social, the two talk about their fediverse experiences so far and why they’re hopeful for publishing in the future.

I loved being a part of this conversation. You can watch / listen over here.

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Revisiting Known

The original Known mockup image

I thought it would be fun to revisit Known, the open source publishing platform that powers my site.

How it works

Known allows a team or community to publish news on any topic to a single, searchable stream of content that’s easily accessible from any device. It is not a full CMS, and nor is it designed for independent publishers to sell subscriptions; instead, it’s optimized for publishing to a single feed.

Every Known site is a single feed of content that any number of users can publish to. You can have one user, as my site does; you could have thousands, if you wanted.

The stream can also be filtered by hashtag, author, or content type — so you can choose to only view content on a certain topic, or only photos, or some combination thereof.

Each stream, filtered or not, is shown as a standard web page by default. These can be themed, but it’s also easy to view different interfaces. RSS and JSON are available for every screen you can view as a web page, and it would be easy to add low bandwidth HTML, for example. (I once added an interface type that displayed everything as a Star Wars crawl. It got old fast.)

The Known menu bar

When you log in, you get a little menu bar that lets you publish different kinds of content. It’s a little bit like Tumblr’s bar, but here, every type of content is powered by a plugin. You can download new content types created by other people, or you can write your own. On my site I’ve created a kind of blog post called an “aside”, which I’ve decided to make a distinct content type.

Hit the button, and you can compose right on the page.

Known status update composer

Known supports an idea called POSSE: Publish on your Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere. You can elect to syndicate a post to a third-party site by enabling the toggle for that site below the compose window. In this illustration I have two example webhooks, but people have written plugins for Mastodon, etc. (In the beginning, Known had plugins for Twitter, Facebook, and so on, but all those APIs locked down over time. The promo image, which you can see above, includes Foursquare and Flickr as options, which is a clue about the era it originated from.)

You can also compose using any application that supports the Micropub standard. I tend to write all my blog posts in iA Writer.

Known supports Webmention, so when you publish a post that links to a site, that site will be notified. You can even use webmention to respond to someone else’s post elsewhere and have a conversation across the web.

It’s free and open source, and intentionally runs on the same LAMP stack as WordPress. Be warned though; as the screenshots suggest, it’s now a little old.

A little history

Known was originally called Idno. (“What does it stand for?” someone once asked me. “I d’no,” I replied. This is the level of humor you can generally expect from me.)

I wrote the first version of it when my mother was recovering from a double lung transplant: she was in need of community but absolutely didn’t want to discuss her condition on Facebook. I’d previously written Elgg, an older open source social networking platform, so I decided to think about what a social community platform might look like in the era of the mobile, ubiquitous web. What would it look like for a community to publish to a place where it could continue to own its own content, on its own domain? (It seems like a quaint exploration now, but remember that this was 2013.)

I became friends with the indieweb folks, and met Erin Richey at an IndieWebCamp. We decided to collaborate on the project. It was her idea to submit it to Matter, where we took part in the third accelerator class. Along the way, we did some focus group testing (Erin’s instigation) and chose Known as a permanent name.

Known at Matter Three Demo Day

It was a startup for a couple of years; there was a paid, hosted version; a Known-powered site even won an award for KQED. But it wasn’t the kind of thing that excited investors, and we weren’t making enough money for it to be sustainable. Ultimately, I allowed myself to be acquihired by Medium, which allowed us to pay Matter back, and we both settled into new jobs. The day before my first Medium paycheck, I spent my last five dollars on gas. (Erin and I welcomed our actual child — a human one — two years ago. So there’s a coda.)

But there are still users out there, myself included, and the open source project is still alive. It’s been slower over the last few years, because I haven’t had much time to devote to it. (The main thing I’ve been looking at is a command line exporter to allow people to more easily take their content into WordPress, as well as some experiments with ActivityPub.) But it remains a core part of the operating system that powers my identity online, and the identity of others.

Lately I’ve been thinking that there’s a place for this model of publishing. The internal architecture needs to be overhauled; the Bootstrap-driven default template needs to go; but I think there’s really something to the model of letting communities publish to a simple, queryable feed of content that syndicates out to the world.

Perhaps it’s finally time for Known 2, with an easy upgrade path from the original? If you’re intrigued by the idea — or if you’re a Known user — I’d love to hear your thoughts.

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It turns out I'm still excited about the web

Passion led us here

I’m worried I’ve become cynical about technology as I’ve gotten older. But maybe technology really is worse.

Someone asked me the other day: “what [in media and technology] are you excited about right now?”

We both agreed that it was a surprisingly difficult question. And then came the follow-up:

“Do you think it’s just because we’re older now, or is the web really less exciting?”

And to be honest, I’m not sure.

I used to be so excited. If you sneak a glance at my high school yearbook, you’ll see that I wanted to be a journalist. Telling stories was my first love. It’s still where my brain feels the most comfortable. I love the flow state of writing more than doing just about anything else. That’s why I keep writing here, and why my long-term plan is to pivot from a technology career to one where I get to write all the time.

But in 1994 or so, I got distracted by the web: what an amazing medium for stories. Many of us share the experience of trying out a browser like NCSA Mosaic, discovering voices from all over the world, and getting stuck into writing our own HTML code without having to ask anyone for permission or buy a software license to get started. I vividly remember when we got the ability to add our own background images to web pages, for example. For a long time, I was a master at table-based layouts.

In the UK, where I grew up, you were effectively forced to pick your university degree at 16. You were required to choose three or four A-level subjects to focus on for your last two years of high school; then you had to apply to do a particular degree at each university, knowing that each degree had subject requirements. If you wanted to study English at university, you needed to have chosen the English A-level; good luck getting in if you hadn’t.

Specifically because I was distracted by the web, I put myself on the Computer Science track. Even then, I kept a Theater A-level, because I couldn’t imagine a world where there wasn’t some art and writing in my life. Most British universities correspondingly dismissed me for not being focused enough, but Edinburgh took me, so that’s where I went. Even while I was doing the degree, I built a satirical website that got over a million pageviews a day - in 2001. I blogged, of course, and although I haven’t kept a consistent platform or domain for all that time, I’ve been writing consistently on the web since 1998.

It was a platform I got to approach with a sense of play; a sense of storytelling; a sense of magical discovery as I met new people and learned from their creativity.

The web sits apart from the rest of technology; to me, it’s inherently more interesting. Silicon Valley’s origins (including the venture capital ecosystem) lie in defense technology. In contrast, the web was created in service of academic learning and mutual discovery, and both built and shared in a spirit of free and open access. Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and CERN did a wonderful thing by building a prototype and setting it free. As CERN points out on its page about the history of the web:

An essential point was that the web should remain an open standard for all to use and that no-one should lock it up into a proprietary system.

That ethos is how it succeeded; it’s why the web changed the world. And it’s why someone like me — over in Scotland, with no networks, wealth, or privilege to speak of — was able to break in and build something that got peoples’ attention. It’s also why I was interested to begin with. “The internet is people,” I used to say; more than protocols and pipes, the web was a fabric of interconnectedness that we were all building together. Even in the beginning, some people saw the web and thought, “this is a way I can make a lot of money.” For me, it was always a way to build community at scale.

And then Facebook — it always seems to be Facebook — became the first web company to reach a billion dollar valuation, in a year that happened to also see the launch of the iPhone. Building community at scale became finding customers at scale. There was a brief reprieve while global financial markets tumbled at the hands of terrible debt instruments that had been built on shaky foundations, and then the tech industry started investing in new startups in greater and greater numbers. Y Combinator, which had started a few years earlier, started investing in more and more startups, with higher and higher checks ($6,000 per founder for the first cohort, compared to half a million dollars per startup today). The number of billion-dollar-plus web startups grows by the hundreds every year.

The web I loved was swamped by a mindset that was closer to Wall Street. It’s been about the money ever since.

It’s so rare these days to find people who want to build that interconnectedness; who see it as a mission and a movement. People in tech talk excitedly about their total Compensation (which has earned its own shorthand acronym, TC), and less so what exciting thing they got to build, and what it allowed people to do. Maybe they’ll give you a line about what they allow for the enterprise or increasing some company’s bottom line, but it’s usually devoid of the humanist idealism that enchanted me about the early web.

I realized some time ago that the startups I personally founded in this era couldn’t have succeeded, because my focus was all wrong. I wanted to be paid to explore and build this wonderful platform, and was not laser focused on how to build investor value. I still want to be paid to build and explore, try and make new things happen, with a sense of play. That’s not, I’m afraid to say, how you build a venture-scale business.

So, let’s return to the question. Given this disillusionment, and my lack of alignment with what the modern tech industry expects of us, what am I excited about?

My cynicism has been tempered by the discovery that there are still movements out there that remind me of the web’s original promise — efforts that focus on reclaiming independence and fostering real community. Despite the commercialization of the web, these are still places where that original spirit of openness and community-building thrives.

The Indieweb is one. It’s an interdisciplinary group of people that advocates for everyone owning their own websites and publishing from their own domains. It’s happening! From the resurgence of personal blogs to new independent publications like Platformer and User Mag, many people see the value of owning their presence on the internet and their relationships with their community. Independence from sites like Facebook and Google is surging.

The other is the Fediverse: a way to have conversations on the web that isn’t owned by any single company or entity. The people who are building the Fediverse (through communities, platforms like Mastodon, cultural explorations) are expanding a patchwork of conversations through open protocols and collaborative exploration, just like the web itself was grown decades ago. It’s phenomenally exciting, with a rapidly-developing center of gravity that’s even drawing in some of the companies who previously were committed to siloed, walled-garden models. I haven’t been this enthused about momentum on the web for twenty years.

I was afraid I had become too cynical to find excitement in technology again. It wasn’t true.

While I’ve grown more cynical about much of tech, movements like the Indieweb and the Fediverse remind me that the ideals I once loved, and that spirit of the early web, aren’t lost. They’re evolving, just like everything else.

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